Screen-Printed Al Back Contacts on Si Solar Cells: Issues and Some Solutions
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Al Alloy
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AbstractThis paper identifies some mechanisms that lead to problems in back Al contact formation. Major issues are related to a basic problem that the Al melt has a large surface tension and tries to ball up during the firing step. Other issues arise from dissolution of the Si-Al interface and entrapment of glass within the Si-Al alloy. Si diffusion into Al can be applied to control the melt, while cooling rate can help improve the structure of various regions of the back contact for a favorable series resistance. We also discuss a modified time-temperature profile that can lead to a deep and uniform back-surface field.
2015 ◽
Vol 44
(4)
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pp. 1181-1186
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2017 ◽
Vol 25
(12)
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pp. 989-995
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2018 ◽
Vol 74
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pp. 309-312
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2020 ◽
Vol 9
(4)
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pp. 045013
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2013 ◽
Vol 13
(7)
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pp. 1397-1400
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