scholarly journals Very recent HIV infection accompanied by Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Čurić ◽  
Mario Poljak ◽  
Alojz Ihan ◽  
Janez Tomažič
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

scholarly journals Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Pneumocystis pneumonia in a patient with AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052094654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wen ◽  
Meng-chan Wang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Xu-yong Lin ◽  
Gang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has a wide variety of causes. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of IRIS is fatal. We report a case of a 21-year-old man with HIV infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. The patient presented with fever and dyspnea with deterioration of pulmonary infiltrations 5 days after starting antiretroviral treatment. We reached the diagnosis of IRIS based on radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided lung biopsy. In conclusion, radial EBUS-guided lung biopsy via bronchoscopy is a valuable and minimally invasive technique for the rapid diagnosis of IRIS-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

scholarly journals Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium avium infection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a female patient with HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241037
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Alexandra Bachofner ◽  
Kristian Ikenberg ◽  
Bettina Schulthess ◽  
Johannes Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Avium Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Mycobacterium Simiae ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Infection ◽  
Standard Treatment Regimen

This case study discusses the management of a disseminated Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium avium infection causing an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a 52-year-old woman with HIV infection. Disseminated M. avium infections have extensively been described in HIV patients; however, reports of infections with M. simiae are rare. Treatment of M. simiae infections is challenging due to its high rates of natural drug resistances, and thus far, no standard treatment regimen exists.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
Luisa Roade Tato ◽  
Joaquín Burgos Cibrian ◽  
Adrià Curran Fábregas ◽  
Jordi Navarro Mercadèc) ◽  
Rein Willekens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

scholarly journals Clinical and immunologic predictors of Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a contemporary cohort of patients with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F Breglio ◽  
Caian L Vinhaes ◽  
María B Arriaga ◽  
Martha Nason ◽  
Gregg Roby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract Background Patients with HIV (PWH) can present with new or worsening symptoms associated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation as MAC immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (MAC-IRIS). In this study, we assessed the utility of several laboratory tests as predictors of MAC-IRIS. Methods PWH with clinical and histologic and/or microbiologic evidence of MAC-IRIS were identified and followed up to 96 weeks post-ART initiation within a prospective study of 206 ART-naïve patients with CD4 <100 cells/µL. Results Fifteen (7.3%) patients presented with MAC-IRIS within a median interval of 26 days after ART initiation. Patients who developed MAC-IRIS had lower BMI, lower hemoglobin levels, a higher alkaline phosphatase and increased CD38 frequency and MFI on CD8 + T-cells, at the time of ART initiation compared to non-MAC IRIS patients. A decision tree inference model revealed that stratifying patients based on levels of alkaline phosphatase and D-dimer could predict the likelihood of MAC-IRIS. A binary logistic regression demonstrated that higher levels of alkaline phosphatase at baseline were associated with increased risk of MAC-IRIS development. Conclusions High alkaline phosphatase levels and increased CD8 + T-cell activation with low CD4 counts at ART initiation should warrant suspicion for subsequent development of MAC-IRIS.

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