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2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andres Sanjuan Galíndez ◽  
Bruno Watanabe Minto ◽  
Paulo Vinicius Tertuliano Marinho ◽  
Adrielly Dissenha ◽  
Dayvid Vianeis Farias de Lucena ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Dorsal laminectomy is routinely performed for spinal cord compressions or stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal. However, despite good results, relevant complications have been described in dogs. Considering the incomplete understanding of the necessity for complementary surgical stabilization after performing laminectomies in the cervical region, this study compared the resistance and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spinal column subjected to Funkquist B laminectomy between the sixth and seventh vertebrae in dogs. Forty-four cervical vertebral columns (C2-T1) of dogs, with an average weight of 26.2±3.8 kg, were selected using radiography and computed tomography. Four experimental groups (n=11) were established according to the mechanical test: two control groups (flexion and extension control) and two laminectomy groups (flexion and extension laminectomies). Numerical results of the maximum load for measuring the resistance and ROM of the columns of the two control groups and the two laminectomy groups were compared. The laminectomy groups showed a lower maximum load, regardless of the mechanical test performed (P<0.001). The ROM was not influenced by laminectomy, the type of mechanical test (ventral flexion or extension), or its interaction (P<0.05). There was no interaction between the effect of the laminectomy factors (yes or no) and the effect of the mechanical tests for ventral flexion or extension (P<0.05). In conclusion, Funkquist B dorsal cervical laminectomy between C6 and C7 decreases mechanical resistance with a supraphysiological loading force but does not alter the ROM, suggesting that it can be used without additional mechanical stabilization in dogs.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
LMB Esteves ◽  
TC Fagundes ◽  
PH dos Santos ◽  
LMAV da Silva ◽  
S de Alcântara ◽  
...  

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bleaching gel application site on chromatic changes and postoperative sensitivity in teeth. Thirty patients were selected and allocated to three groups (n=10 per group), according to the location of the gel: GI, cervical application; GII, incisal application; and GIII, total facial. The amount and time of application of the 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel were standardized. Color changes were analyzed by ΔE and Wid (bleaching index), using the values obtained in the readings conducted on a digital spectrophotometer in the cervical (CRs) and incisal regions (IRs) of the teeth. Spontaneous sensitivity was assessed using the questionnaire, and the stimulated sensitivity caused by the thermosensory analysis (TSA). The analysis occurred in five stages: baseline, after the first, second, and third whitening sessions (S), and 14 days after the end of the whitening, using the linear regression statistical model with mixed effects and post-test by orthogonal contrasts (p&lt;0.05). Although the IR was momentarily favored, at the end of the treatment, the restriction of the application site provided results similar to those obtained when the gel was applied over the entire facial surface. Regarding sensitivity, only the GI showed spontaneous sensitivity. In the TSA, GIII had less influence on the threshold of the thermal sensation. It was concluded that the chromatic alteration does not depend on the gel application site. Spontaneous sensitivity is greater when the gel is concentrated in the cervical region (CR), and the teeth remain sensitized by thermal stimuli even after 14 days.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Rabbiah Manzoor Malik ◽  
Sahar Fazal ◽  
Syed Touqeer Abbas ◽  
Aamer Bhatti ◽  
Mukhtar Ullah ◽  
...  

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been found to be the major cause of cancer of cervical region, in females.  Genome of HPV codes for 6 functional proteins E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7. These proteins play different roles in development of HPV infection and its progression towards cervical cancer. The interactions of HPV proteins with human DNA and proteins occurs in the presence of short linear peptide motifs on these proteins, have similar sequence to those found on proteins in human cells. Methods: After identification of human motifs in HPV proteins, by use of ELM resource, their counter domains were found from PROSITE. The proteins of human proteome containing these counter domains were predicted as the proteins having possibility of interactions with HPV proteins.    Results: we predicted 9468 human proteins for having interactions with HPV proteins. Our predicted proteins were enriched with the host proteins having possibility of being interacted by HPV proteins. 10% of our predicted proteins were already reported to be affected by one or more HPV proteins. The list of predicated proteins can be utilized to find out the connectivity between the virus HPV and human host. It can also be used to determine the pathways involved in pathogenesis of HPV leading towards the cervical cancer Conclusion: The list of predicated proteins can be utilized to find out the connectivity between the virus HPV and human host. It can also be used to determine the pathways involved in pathogenesis of HPV leading towards the cervical cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Jardini Barbosa ◽  
◽  
Anna Rita de Cascia Carvalho Barbosa ◽  
Frederico Alonso Sabino de Freitas

: Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer is a group of malignant neoplasms composed basically by sarcomas, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Its etiology is multifactorial with specificity for each of the two types, except for exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which is a common factor between both. When detected early, it has a high cure rate, and surgical excision with safety margins being the treatment of choice in most cases. Thus, it is important to recognize the profile of the patients, as well as the histopathological characteristics of the lesions and the medical approach used to avoid recurrences. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the histopathological profile and surgical margins resulting from the resection of non-melanoma skin cancers in patients treated at a plastic surgery facility in Brazil. Methods: The cases of squamous cell carcinoma and the histopathological types of the basal cell carcinoma were individually analyzed for compromised margins, and later divided into a low-risk group and a high-risk group. Results: 228 lesions were resected from 141 patients. Gender distribution was 55.3% female and 44.6% male. The most affected age group was over 70 years old. The predominant histological type was basal cell carcinoma (74.6%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (25.4%); the most affected site was the cephalic-cervical segment (71.92%). Surgical margins were compromised in 12.3% with no significant difference between the two types of carcinoma. Conclusion: There was a predominance of basal cell carcinoma (nodular type) in women over 40 years old, predominantly in the cephalic-cervical region. The number of recurrences was proportionally higher in the BCC, unrelated to the presence of positive margins. Keywords: Skin Neoplasms, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Recurrence, Margins of Excision.


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Iulian Filipov ◽  
Lucian Chirila ◽  
Mihai Sandulescu ◽  
Corina Marilena Cristache

(1) Background: Schwannoma, a mesenchymal neoplasm derived from Schwann cells that line peripheral nerve sheaths, has a challenging diagnosis, due to the non-specific medical history and clinical examination. Nowadays, virtual reality (VR) is increasingly more used for enhancing diagnosis and for preoperative planning of surgical procedures. With VR, the surgeon can interact, before any surgery, with a virtual environment that is completely generated by a computer, offering them a real experience inside a virtual 3D model. (2) Methods and Results: The aim of the present paper was to present a case of surgically removal of a schwannoma, which originated from the fibers of the superior laryngeal nerve, in a predictable and minimally invasive fashion, upon using VR for diagnosis and surgical procedure planning. (3) Conclusions: The current clinical report attracted the attention of including schwannoma in the possible differential diagnosis of a swelling in the anterior cervical region, mainly when a nonspecific radiological appearance is noticed, even with the use of multiple imaging modalities. Virtual reality can increase the predictability and success rate of the surgical procedure, being in the meantime a good tool for communication with the patient.


Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
O.V. Tsyhykalo ◽  
I.S. Popova ◽  
A.A. Khodorovska ◽  
G.M. Chernikova

Background. One of topical areas of morphological research is features of topographic a relationships of the vascular, nervous, muscular, fascial and cartilaginous structures of the neck in prenatal period of human ontogenesis, as data on their formation at different stages of development will improve diagnostic methods of visualization and surgical correction of congenital and acquired pathologies of head and neck. Objective. To find out the peculiarities of synthopia of vascular and muscular structures of the lateral cervical region in human prefetuses. Methods. 9 human prenatal specimens aged 9-12 weeks of prenatal development have been studied by using a set of morphological methods, according to existing bioethical norms. Results. During 9th week of development, bony and musclar boundaries of the lateral triangle of the neck, the carotid vagina, and the components of the vascular-nervous bundle of the neck have been determined. Within the carotid triangle, the external carotid artery is located superficially; it is crossed frontally by the cervical branch of facial nerve and the sublingual nerve. The superior thyroid artery departs from the external carotid artery at the level of the cartilaginous model of the large horns of hyoid bone and passes to the rudiment of thyroid gland. Retropharyngeal space is found at 9th week of development, moderately filled with adipose tissue. The anterior vertebral plate of the cervical fascia forms the bottom for posterior triangle of neck. Conclusion. The lateral cervical region in human prefetuses is represented by a multilayered topographic zone with formed boundaries and contents. Cervical fascia forms carotid vagina within the carotid triangle, and pharyngeal space. The course of blood vessels and nerves within the lateral cervical region is variable. Three-dimensional reconstructions of prefetuses serve as evidence of the early formation of definitive topographic connections within early bony and cartilaginous models in relation to the muscles of the anterior and lateral cervical regions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2-3 (35-36) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
N. Ilenkiv ◽  
◽  
Z. Bilous ◽  
O. Abrahamovych ◽  
M. Abrahamovych ◽  
...  

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in all epidemiological indicators continue to hold a leading position not only in Ukraine but also around the world and are a global medical and social problem. In the first place, such positions are provided by coronary heart disease (CHD) - the most common variant of SSC, despite the significant advances in modern clinical medicine. At the same time, sometimes the verification of the diagnosis is delayed or it is not possible to establish it during life, which contributes to the hyper- or hypodiagnosis of the most common nosologies, forgetting about diseases that are extremely rare. The aim of the study. To make the review of the literature and the description of a clinical case for the purpose of clarification of features of a clinical condition and diagnostics at patients with congenital absence of a pericardium in combination with noncompactness of a myocardium. Materials and methods. Content analysis, method of system and comparative analysis, bibliosemantic method of studying current scientific researches concerning studying of congenital absence of pericardium in combination with noncompactness of myocardium are used. Sources were searched in scientometric databases: PubMed, Medline, Springer, Google Scholar, Research Gate by keywords: congenital absence of pericardium, not myocardial compactness. 51 sources in English and Ukrainian were selected and analyzed, which covered the epidemiology of congenital absence of the pericardium and myocardial compactness, their clinical and diagnostic features; described a clinical case. Results. Congenital absence of the pericardium is a rare congenital anomaly of the pericardium, which, depending on the extent of the defect is left-handed (from 0.0001 % to 0.044 % in the population and in 70.0 % of all cases of congenital absence of the pericardium), right-handed and total (9.0 % of all cases) is more common in men than in women, respectively, as 3.0:1.3. During embryonic development, both the cardiac and pulmonary rudiments, the beginning of the formation of which begins in 3-4 weeks, are displaced from the cervical region into the thoracic cavity, going to the pericardial and pleural cavities, respectively. Premature atrophy of the left cuvier duct leads to non-separation of the pericardial cavity from the left pleural cavity. Due to these reasons, the absence of the left half of the pericardium is the most common. If pleuropericardial folds are not formed, the rudiments of the heart and lungs are in a single pleuropericardial cavity. Quite often, congenital absence of pericardium is associated with other congenital heart defects, for example, with a defect of the atrial septum (MPP), open ductus arteriosus, tetrad E.-L. Fallot, mitral valve stenosis, with defects of the diaphragm, lungs, kidneys. Most cases of this defect are asymptomatic and may not be diagnosed for life, so they can often be confused with other diseases such as heart aneurysm, coronary heart disease, mitral valve or atrial septal defects. Some informative signs may appear during X-ray diagnosis (radiograph may show convexity of the left upper border of the heart, high position of the heart), but the main emphasis in the diagnosis is on echocardiography (Echo-CG) (enlarged pancreas and right atrium), significant regurgitation tricuspid valve), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the gold standard is the so-called multimodal imaging using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) (no visualization of the pericardial layer, rotation of the heart to the left, interposition of the pulmonary artery and lung tissue). At the same time, any of these techniques may have more or less pronounced shortcomings, which sometimes make it difficult to diagnose pericardial abnormalities. Myocardial noncompactness is a genetic malformation whose prevalence is not high, although its final prevalence cannot be established, as it is not uncommon for such individuals to have an asymptomatic course. On the ECG, myocardial noncompactness may be accompanied by supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, blockades of varying degrees, and one of the most accurate methods of visualizing myocardial noncompactness is Echo-CG. During this examination, two layers of the myocardium are visualized: subepicardial with a compact myocardium and subendocardial with a non-compact myocardium, and an important diagnostic and prognostic feature is the ratio of these layers at the end of systole. Conclusions. A review of the literature and described a clinical case of pericardial absence in combination with myocardial infarction. Elucidation of clinical features of absence of a pericardium in combination with incompatibility revealed that this anomaly is usually asymptomatic, however at patients with a left defect can be disguised under an ischemic heart disease, followed by ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia), lengthening of a Q interval. Of particular value for the diagnosis of congenital absence of the pericardium in combination with myocardial infarction is Echo-CG and MRI, and the gold standard is considered to be MSCT, but these methods can sometimes have limited diagnostic capabilities. Keywords: congenital absence of pericardium, anomaly of the cardiac sac, myocardial non-compactness, prolonged QT interval.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L.S. van Dun ◽  
Lorenzo Arcuri ◽  
Johan Verbeeck ◽  
Jorge E. Esteves ◽  
Francesco Cerritelli

Abstract Background: Since the previous survey of the osteopathic profession in Austria was almost a decade ago, an update was necessary. The Osteopathic Practitioners Estimates and RAtes (OPERA) project was developed as a Europe-based survey, whereby an updated profile of the profession not only provides new data for Austria, but also allows for a clear comparison with other European countries. Methods: A voluntary, online-based, closed-ended survey was distributed across Austria in the period between April and August 2020. The original English OPERA-questionnaire, composed of 52 questions in seven sections, was formally translated in German and adapted to the Austrian situation. Recruitment was performed through social-media and an e-based campaign.Results: The survey was completed by 338 individuals, of which 239 (71%) were female, and the median age was 40-49 years. Almost all respondents had preliminary healthcare training, mainly in physiotherapy (72%). The majority of respondents were self-employed (88%) and working as sole practitioners (54%). The median number of consultations per week was 21-25 and the majority of respondents scheduled 46-60 minutes for each consultation (69%). The most commonly used diagnostic techniques were: palpation of position/structure, palpation of tenderness and visual inspection. The most commonly used treatment techniques were cranial, visceral and articulatory/mobilisation techniques. The majority of patients estimated by respondents consulted an osteopath for musculoskeletal complaints mainly localised in the lumbar and cervical region. Although the majority of respondents experience a strong osteopathic identity, only a small proportion (17%) advertise themselves exclusively as osteopaths. Conclusions: This study represents the first published document to determine the characteristics of the osteopathic practitioners in Austria using large, national data. It provides new information on where, how, and by whom osteopathic care is delivered. The information provided may contribute to the evidence used by stakeholders and policy makers for the future regulation of the profession in Austria.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Aderonke Badejo ◽  
Toyin Ayofe Oyemolade ◽  
Augustine Abiodun Adeolu ◽  
Matthew Temitayo Shokunbi

Abstract Introduction Paediatric spinal tumours are rare, accounting for 1-10% of all childhood central nervous system tumours. There is a paucity of information on spinal tumours in Sub-Saharan Africans. This is particularly so in the Nigerian paediatric population where neuro-oncologic data is limited. Indeed, there is no previously published work on the profile of paediatric spinal tumours in the Nigerian neurosurgical literature. The authors aim to document the profile of paediatric spinal tumours in a Nigerian tertiary institution and to contribute to the available data on paediatric central nervous system tumours in West Africa. Methods We retrospectively evaluated data on paediatric patients who underwent surgery for spine tumours over a 20-year-period at our institution. Results A total of 12 patients were managed for paediatric spine tumours during the study period. These had a male: female ratio of 1:1.4 and their ages ranged between 3 and 18 years (mean: 12.83 ± 4.75 years). The highest incidence (6/12) was seen in the 15-18 years age group. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.2 months. More than half (7/12) of the patients presented with symptoms with duration of at least 6 months. Motor deficit was present in all patients at presentation. Two-thirds of the tumours were in the thoracic region, 1 was located in the cervical region, while the remaining 3 tumours were cervicothoracic. The tumour was extradural in location in 8 of our patients and intramedullary in the remaining 4. Astrocytoma (intramedullary in all cases) was the most predominant histological tumour type in (3/12) in our series. Postoperative neurological improvement occurred in 7 of the patients while 5 remained the same. There was no permanent postoperative neurological deterioration or perioperative mortality. Conclusion Paediatric spinal tumours mostly affected older children in our study group and were predominantly astrocytic in nature. The most common tumour location was extradural, involving mostly the thoracic spinal level. The preoperative neurological status correlates with the postoperative functional outcome. Therefore, the need for early diagnosis and treatment of these tumours cannot overemphasized.


Author(s):  
Ana Paula Vasconcellos Abdon ◽  
Paula Pessoa de Brito Nunes ◽  
Nylla Kettilla Freitas Diógenes Medeiros ◽  
Cesário Rui Callou Filho ◽  
Letícia Cristina Paiva Tavares ◽  
...  

Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between smartphone usage time and postural alignment in teenage university students and the associated factors. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study with 133 teenage university students (18-19 years old) between April and November 2018 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Questionnaires were used to collect information on socioeconomic status, health conditions, smartphone usage time and level of physical activity. The alignment of the cervical region was assessed using photogrammetry in anatomical position and while texting on the smartphone. Horizontal alignment of the head (HAH), horizontal alignment of the acromion (HAA) and vertical alignment of the head (VAH) were measured. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to check for factors associated with smartphone usage time (>6 hours a day). Results: There were higher rates of girls (66.9%; n=89), people in the lower social class (71.4%; n=95), frequent drinkers (66.9%; n=89), people who complained of headache (83.5%; n=111) and people who used smartphones for more than 6 hours a day (72.9%; n=97). The multivariate analysis showed an association of smartphone usage time (>6 hours a day) with cervical anteriorization, estimated by measuring the VAH (OR=1.053; p=0.007 – left side), female gender (OR=2.729; p=0.046), frequent drinking (OR=2.636; p=0.038) and complaint of headache (OR=5.617; p=0.002). Conclusions: There was a high percentage of adolescents who excessively used smartphones for more than 6 hours a day. Prolonged smartphone use was associated with female gender, alcohol consumption, headache and changes in cervical alignment.


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