STUDY ON THE CONTENT OF GENIPOSIDIC ACID IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES ON KARST PLATEAU OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE, CHINA

A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative determination of three major hypotensive compounds, namely geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, and geniposide in the bark of Eucommia ulmoides. Soxhlet extraction of GPA, GPS, and CA from E. ulmoides was optimized according to the Taguchi experimental design. Maximum global yields were obtained using the following conditions: extraction temperature, 80?C; extraction time, 1 h; number of extractions, three; solvent volume, 16 ml/g of sample; and 50% ethanol concentration in water. Optimal conditions of separation and detection were achieved on a Diamonsil ODS C18 column (150 mm ? 4.6 mm, 5 ?m) with a linear gradient of methanol and 0.04% aqueous phosphoric acid (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength of 240 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.999) within test ranges. The relative deviation of this method was less than 3% for intra- and inter-day assays, and the recovery percentage of the method was 95-104%, with a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of less than 5%. The current assay method was used for quantitative determination of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, and geniposide in five samples of E. ulmoides with different age. The results indicate that the developed method could be readily utilized as a quality control method in working with E. ulmoides.

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Eucommia ulmoides (Tochu) and its extract geniposidic acid reduced blood pressure and improved renal hemodynamics

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111901 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 111901

Author(s):

Akira Ishimitsu ◽

Akihiro Tojo ◽

Hiroshi Satonaka ◽

Toshihiko Ishimitsu

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Hemodynamics ◽

Eucommia Ulmoides ◽

Geniposidic Acid

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Two early millericrinids and an unusual crinoid of uncertain systematic position from the lower Upper Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Qingyan, southwestern China

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s002233600003122x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 32-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Frank Stiller

Keyword(s):

Middle Triassic ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Southwestern China ◽

New Genera ◽

Traumatic Loss ◽

Lower Upper ◽

New Family ◽

Hard Substrates ◽

Different Parts

Well-preserved stem remains of the three crinoid species Qingyanocrinus kueichounensis (Dubatolova and Shao, 1959), Bangtoupocrinus kokeni n. gen. n. sp. and Silesiacrinus parvus n. sp. from the lower Upper Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Qingyan, Guizhou Province, southwestern China, are described. The former two taxa originally were described as one species, Entrochus rotiformis Koken, 1900, which is a nomen dubium. The two new genera Qingyanocrinus and Bangtoupocrinus are established. Bangtoupocrinus and Silesiacrinus are the earliest known millericrinid genera. For these Middle Triassic millericrinids, the new family Bangtoupocrinidae, comprising the new subfamilies Bangtoupocrininae and Silesiacrininae, is defined. The strongly cirrate genus Qingyanocrinus is assigned to the new family Qingyanocrinidae, whose systematic position is uncertain.In all three species, the morphological features of the columnals characteristically vary in different parts of the stems. The millericrinids were cemented to (secondary) hard substrates by distal encrusting holdfasts. Qingyanocrinus kueichounensis most likely lived on soft substrates and for attachment made use of its rootlike distal stem end and cirri. Stems of Bangtoupocrinus kokeni regenerated after breakage show that these crinoids were able to continue living in spite of the traumatic loss of their basal fixation. Juvenile Encrinus cf. liliiformis Lamarck, 1801, and other invertebrates utilized the crinoids and their skeletal remains as substrates for attachment.

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