collagen synthesis
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Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Guan-Xuan Wu ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Chun-Shien Wu ◽  
Lain-Chyr Hwang ◽  
Shan-Wei Yang ◽  
...  

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. The phenotype and metabolism behavior of chondrocytes plays crucial roles in maintaining articular cartilage function. Chondrocytes dedifferentiate and lose their cartilage phenotype after successive subcultures or inflammation and synthesize collagen I and X (COL I and COL X). Farnesol, a sesquiterpene compound, has an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes collagen synthesis. However, its potent restoration effects on differentiated chondrocytes have seldom been evaluated. The presented study investigated farnesol’s effect on phenotype restoration by examining collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis from dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The results indicated that chondrocytes gradually dedifferentiated through cellular morphology change, reduced expressions of COL II and SOX9, increased the expression of COL X and diminished GAG synthesis during four passages of subcultures. Pure farnesol and hyaluronan-encapsulated farnesol nanoparticles promote COL II synthesis. GAG synthesis significantly increased 2.5-fold after a farnesol treatment of dedifferentiated chondrocytes, indicating the restoration of chondrocyte functions. In addition, farnesol drastically increased the synthesis of COL II (2.5-fold) and GAG (15-fold) on interleukin-1β-induced dedifferentiated chondrocytes. A significant reduction of COL I, COL X and proinflammatory cytokine prostaglandin E2 was observed. In summary, farnesol may serve as a therapeutic agent in OA treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-692
Author(s):  
Soyoun Lee ◽  
Hongyan An ◽  
Woosoo Kim ◽  
Xinxin Lu ◽  
Hyanghwa Jeon ◽  
...  

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the applicability of a mixed herbal extract (MHE) as an anti-aging cosmetic ingredient by investigating its skin anti-aging activities in vitro and in vivo.Methods: In this study, we prepared MHE using an ultrasonic extraction containing Forsythiae fructus, Tribuli fructus, Solomon’s seal, Siberian ginseng, Ponciri fructus and Ginseng. We investigated the anti-aging effect of the MHE for skin in dermal fibroblasts. The anti-aging activity was determined by the type I collagen synthesis levels. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. MMP1 protein levels were evaluated by blotting analysis. Clinical tests of skin moisture, elasticity, texture, and wrinkles were performed using cosmetics containing 1% MHE.Results: The MHE induced the upregulation of pro-collagen type I synthesis and TIMP1 mRNA expression. The MHE led to the downregulation of MMP1 mRNA levels and protein levels. Furthermore, after skin application of cosmetics containing 1% MHE, skin hydration, elasticity, texture, and crow’s feet were improved 4 weeks after the treatment.Conclusion: MHE has an anti-aging effect by promoting collagen synthesis and suppressing MMP1 gene expression in vitro, and it has a skin improvement effect in vivo. Therefore, the MHE was shown to have value as a functional cosmetic ingredient.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jin Zhou ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Shan Sun ◽  
Mengyuan Guo ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  

Objective. By observing the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to explore the effect of NAC on cardiac remodeling (CR). Methods. In vivo, first, the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat myocardial hypertrophy model was constructed, and the effect of NAC on cardiac structure and function was detected by echocardiography, serological testing, and Masson staining. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression level of antioxidant enzymes, and flow cytometry was used to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. In vitro, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 5-ethynyl-2 ′ -deoxyuridine (EdU) staining were used to detect cell proliferation, and the expression level of the NF-κB signaling pathway was detected. Results. Compared with the control group, the model group had disordered cardiac structure, reduced cardiac function, and obvious oxidative stress (OS) response. However, after NAC treatment, it could obviously improve the rat cardiac structure and cardiac function and alleviate redox imbalance and cardiology remodeling. At the same time, NAC can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce the proliferation level of CFs and the amount of 3H proline incorporated. Conclusions. NAC can inhibit AngII-induced CF proliferation and collagen synthesis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviate the OS response of myocardial tissue, inhibit the fibrosis of myocardial tissue, and thus slow down the pathological remodeling of the heart.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Lai ◽  
Hong Tang ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Kang Lu ◽  
Xuting Bian ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Tendon diseases and injuries are a serious problem for the aged population, often leading to pain, disability and a significant decline in quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of aging on biochemistry and histology during tendon healing and to provide a new strategy for improving tendon healing. Method A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a young and an aged group. A rat patellar tendon defect model was used in this study. Tendon samples were collected at weeks 2 and 4, and hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue and immunofluorescence staining were performed for histological analysis. Meanwhile, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were performed to evaluate the biochemical changes. Results The histological scores in aged rats were significantly lower than those in young rats. At the protein level, collagen synthesis-related markers Col-3, Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1(TIMP-1) were decreased at week 4 in aged rats compared with those of young rats. Though there was a decrease in the expression of the chondrogenic marker aggrecan at the protein level in aged tendon, the Micro-CT results from weeks 4 samples showed no significant difference(p>0.05) on the ectopic ossification between groups. Moreover, we found more adipocytes accumulated in the aged tendon defect with the Oil Red O staining and at the gene and protein levels the markers related to adipogenic differentiation. Conclusions Our findings indicate that tendon healing is impaired in aged rats and is characterized by a significantly lower histological score, decreased collagen synthesis and more adipocyte accumulation in patellar tendon after repair.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Fang Gao ◽  
Yan Zhong ◽  
Ting Long ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Jia-Xian Zhu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Tumor buddings have been included in the routine diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and considered to be a tumor prognostic factor independent of TNM staging. This study aimed at identifying the contribution of tumor budding-derived C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) to tumor microenvironment (TME) through fibroblasts. Methods: Co-cultivation recruitment assays and human cytokine array were used to detect the main cytokine derived from CRC tumor buddings to recruit fibroblasts. siRNA transfection and inhibitor treatment were applied to investigate the effective receptor of CCL5 on fibroblasts. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the mechanism inside fibroblasts when stimulated by CCL5. Stimulation with CCL5 in vitro, orthotopic xenograft mouse model and clinical specimens were designed to clarify the contribution of CCL5 to angiogenesis and collagen synthesis.Results: H&E and immunochemistry staining confirmed that CRC with tumor buddings in the invasive front was accompanied by more fibroblasts compared with CRC without tumor buddings. Further vitro study indicated that CCL5 derived from tumor buddings could recruit fibroblasts through CCR5 receptor on fibroblasts and positively regulate solute carrier family 25 member 24 (SLC25A24) expression in fibroblasts, which could activate pAkt-pmTOR signaling. Moreover, CCL5 can increase the number of α-SMA+CD90+FAP- fibroblasts to promote tumor angiogenesis through enhancing the expression of VEGFA and making fibroblasts transdifferentiate into vascular endothelial cells. Meanwhile, CCL5 also can promote collagen synthesis through fibroblasts, thus contributing to tumor progression.Conclusions: In the invasive front of CRC, tumor-budding-derived CCL5 can recruit fibroblasts through CCR5-SLC25A24 signaling, further promoting angiogenesis and collagen synthesis through fibroblasts, eventually creating a tumor-promoting microenvironment.


Author(s):  
Punithavathi Durairaj ◽  
Santosh Venkatesan ◽  
Venkatesan Narayanan ◽  
Mary Babu

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6172
Author(s):  
Su-Yeon Lee ◽  
Kyung-Jong Won ◽  
Do-Yoon Kim ◽  
Mi-Jung Kim ◽  
Yu-Rim Won ◽  
...  

Angelica polymorpha Maxim. (APM) is used in traditional medicine to treat chronic gastritis, rheumatic pain, and duodenal bulbar ulcers. However, it is not known whether APM has epidermis-associated biological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of APM flower absolute (APMFAb) on responses associated with skin wound healing and whitening using epidermal cells. APMFAb was obtained by solvent extraction and its composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation, Boyden chamber, sprouting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting were used to examine the effects of APMFAb on HaCaT keratinocytes and B16BL6 melanoma cells. APMFAb contained five compounds and induced keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and type IV collagen synthesis. APMFAb also induced the phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and AKT in keratinocytes. In addition, APMFAb decreased serum-induced B16BL6 cell proliferation and inhibited tyrosinase expression, melanin contents, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16BL6 cells. These findings demonstrate that APMFAb has beneficial effects on skin wound healing by promoting the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of keratinocytes and on skin whitening by inhibiting melanin synthesis in melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that APMFAb has potential use as a wound healing and skin whitening agent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10993
Author(s):  
Junho Kim ◽  
Ga Eun You ◽  
Minkyu Woo ◽  
Nicole Hyesoo Chang ◽  
Jungsun Lee

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from hADSCs in low concentrations, which makes it difficult to utilize them for the development of therapeutic products. To overcome the problem associated with low concentration, we proposed human lactoferrin (hLF) as a stimulant for the secretion of hADSC-derived EVs. hLF has been reported to upregulate intracellular Ca2+, which is known to be capable of increasing EV secretion. We cultured hADSCs in hLF-supplemented media and analyzed the changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The characteristics of hADSC-derived EVs secreted by hLF stimulation were analyzed through their number, membrane protein markers, and the presence of hLFs to EVs. The function of hADSC-derived EVs was investigated through their effects on dermal fibroblasts. We found that hLF helped hADSCs effectively uptake Ca2+, resulting in an increase of EVs secretion by more than a factor of 4. The resulting EVs had enhanced proliferation and collagen synthesis effect on dermal fibroblasts when compared to the same number of hADSC-derived EVs secreted without hLF stimulation. The enhanced secretion of hADSC-derived EVs increased collagen synthesis through enhanced epidermal penetration, which resulted from increased EV numbers. In summary, we propose hLF to be a useful stimulant in increasing the secretion rate of hADSC-derived EVs.


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