Background:Women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have greater risk of adverse obstetric and birth outcomes than women without these conditions. Infant outcomes are less well-studied. It is unknown whether re-hospitalization after delivery occurs more often for affected mothers and their infants.Objectives:We compared obstetric outcomes among women with and without RA or SLE, and birth outcomes among their infants. Maternal and infant rehospitalizations <2 years of delivery were also compared.Methods:This population-based cohort study used linked birth-hospital discharge data from Washington State for 1987-2014. International Classification of Disease 9th revision (ICD9) codes identified all women with RA (ICD9 714.X, 725.X) and SLE (ICD9 710, 710.0, 710.1) in the hospital discharge record at delivery, and a 10:1 comparison group of women without these codes. Analyses were restricted to singleton live births (1,223 RA; 1,354 SLE). Poisson regression with robust standard errors estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for selected outcomes, accounting for delivery year, maternal age, and parity.Results:Many adverse outcomes were more common among RA and SLE cases than among comparison women. Preeclampsia occurred more often during pregnancies of women with RA (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.17-1.71) or SLE (RR 2.33, 95% CI 2.01-2.70), as did preterm rupture of membranes (PROM, RR 2.85, 95% CI 2.20-3.72 for RA; RR 3.28, 95% CI 2.54-4.23 for SLE). Cesarean deliveries were more common among nulliparous women in both groups (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.48 for both conditions). Infants of women with RA or SLE were more likely to weigh <2500 g (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.72-2.52 for RA; RR 4.88, 95% CI 4.27-5.58 for SLE), be small for gestational age (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-2.50; RR 2.30; 2.04-2.59, respectively), delivered at <32 weeks gestation (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13-2.97; RR 5.13, 95% CI 3.75-7.01, respectively), and require neonatal intensive care unit admission (NICU, RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.56-2.30; RR 2.71, 95% CI 2.25-3.28, respectively). Infants of women with SLE were more likely to have a malformation (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21-1.75) or die within 2 years (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.21-3.67). Rehospitalization levels among both women with RA (RR 2.22; 1.62-3.04) and SLE (RR 2.78, 95% CI 2.15-3.59) were greatest <6 months of delivery and declined over time. Infants of women with SLE had increased rehospitalization <6 months (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.36-1.98).Conclusion:Consistent with prior literature, we found women with RA or SLE experienced many adverse outcomes. In our data, these included preeclampsia, PROM, and cesarean deliveries, with increased risks more notable among women with SLE. Infants of women with either condition were more likely to weigh <2500g, be <32 weeks gestation, small for gestational age, and require NICU admission than infants of comparison women. Only infants of women with SLE had increased malformations. Maternal rehospitalization after delivery was more common in both groups; most marked at <6 months. Infant rehospitalizations were increased in both cohorts to a lesser extent. Close follow-up during this time period is crucial to minimize adverse outcomes.Disclosure of Interests:Julianna Sabo: None declared, Namrata Singh: None declared, Deborah A. Crane: None declared, David R. Doody: None declared, Melissa A. Schiff: None declared, Beth A. Mueller Shareholder of: Household owns shares in AstraZeneca
The onset of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus following influenza vaccination: report of three cases