Run Timing, Spawn Timing, and Spawning Distribution of Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Imnaha River, Oregon

Salmon straying is often defined as the failure of adults to return to their natal river system. However, straying within a river basin can be problematic if hatchery salmon do not return to their hatchery of origin and subsequently spawn in the wild with natural-origin salmon. We examined within-river straying patterns from 34 years of coded-wire tag data, representing 29 941 hatchery fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Elk River, Oregon, USA. Using classification tree analysis, we found that females and larger salmon were more likely to be recovered on the spawning grounds than males and smaller fish. Females larger than 980 mm had a 51.6% likelihood of recovery on the spawning grounds rather than at the Elk River Hatchery. Our findings raise questions about the behavior of straying adults and implications for management of these stocks, with a focus on methods to reduce within-river straying. We recommend further studies to determine whether carcass recoveries are fully representative of hatchery salmon that stray within the Elk River basin.

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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Loci Correlated with Run Timing in Adult Chinook Salmon from the Columbia River Basin

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society ◽

10.1080/00028487.2011.588138 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 (3) ◽

pp. 855-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jon E. Hess ◽

Shawn R. Narum

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

River Basin ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Columbia River ◽

Columbia River Basin ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Run Timing

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In a warming river, natural-origin Chinook salmon spawn later but hatchery-origin conspecifics do not

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2020-0060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 68-77

Author(s):

Catherine S. Austin ◽

Timothy E. Essington ◽

Thomas P. Quinn

Keyword(s):

Chinook Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

River System ◽

Local Environment ◽

Washington State ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Timing Of Reproduction ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Skagit River

Median timing of reproduction in salmonid populations is generally consistent among years, reflecting long-term patterns of natural selection from characteristics of the local environment. However, altered selection from factors related to climate change or human intervention might shift timing over generations, with implications for the population’s persistence. To study these processes, we modeled median timing of redd (nest) counts as an index of spawning timing by natural-origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Skagit River system in Washington State, USA. Over the last 2–6 decades, natural-origin salmon have been spawning later by 0.03–0.52 days·year–1, while a naturally spawning group that is influenced by strays from a hatchery has been spawning earlier by 0.19 days·year–1. Trends in the spawning timing of hatchery-origin strays may reflect opposing selection from the hatchery, where egg take for propagation has become earlier by 0.58 days·year–1. As mean August river temperatures have risen over the period of record, hatchery timing trends may be moving in the opposite direction from the plastic or adaptive patterns expressed by natural-origin fish.

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Abundance and Distribution of Precociously Mature Male Spring Chinook Salmon of Hatchery and Natural Origin in the Yakima River

North American Journal of Fisheries Management ◽

10.1577/m08-069.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 778-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Todd N. Pearsons ◽

Christopher L. Johnson ◽

Brenda Ben James ◽

Gabriel M. Temple

Keyword(s):

Chinook Salmon ◽

Mature Male ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Yakima River ◽

Abundance And Distribution

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Factors influencing the relative fitness of hatchery and wild spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River, Washington, USA

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f10-099 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 1840-1851 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Kevin S. Williamson ◽

Andrew R. Murdoch ◽

Todd N. Pearsons ◽

Eric J. Ward ◽

Michael J. Ford

Keyword(s):

Chinook Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Parentage Analysis ◽

Wild Fish ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

Male Fitness ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Hatchery Fish ◽

Management And Conservation ◽

Older Males

Understanding the relative fitness of naturally spawning hatchery fish compared with wild fish has become an important issue in the management and conservation of salmonids. We used a DNA-based parentage analysis to measure the relative reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-origin spring Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in the natural environment. Size and age had a large influence on male fitness, with larger and older males producing more offspring than smaller or younger individuals. Size had a significant effect on female fitness, but the effect was smaller than on male fitness. For both sexes, run time had a smaller but still significant effect on fitness, with earlier returning fish favored. Spawning location within the river had a significant effect on fitness for both sexes. Hatchery-origin fish produced about half the juvenile progeny per parent when spawning naturally than did natural-origin fish. Hatchery fish tended to be younger and return to lower areas of the watershed than wild fish, which explained some of their lower fitness.

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Monitoring and Evaluation of Smolt Migration in the Columbia River Basin : Volume VI : Evaluation of the 2000 Predictions of the Run-Timing of Wild Migrant Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Trout, and Hatchery Sockeye Salmon in the Snake River Basin, and Combined Wild Hatchery Salminids Migrating to Rock Island and McNary Dams using Program RealTime.

10.2172/922253 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Caitlin Burgess

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Columbia River ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Columbia River Basin ◽

Snake River ◽

Steelhead Trout ◽

Run Timing

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Changes in life history parameters in a naturally spawning population of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) associated with releases of hatchery-reared fish

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f97-031 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1235-1245 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

M J Unwin ◽

G J Glova

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

New Zealand ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Fork Length ◽

Age At Maturity ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Parent Stock ◽

Stream Type

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning runs in Glenariffe Stream, New Zealand, exhibited significant changes in life history traits following supplementation releases of hatchery-reared juveniles. Total run strength did not change but the proportion of naturally produced fish declined to 34%. Attempts to separate spawners of natural and hatchery origin were unsuccessful, and 31-48% of natural spawners are now of hatchery origin. Hatchery males were smaller at age 2 and 3 than males of natural origin, and more often matured as jacks, producing an 86-mm decrease in mean fork length over 28 years. There was no change in length at age or age at maturity for female spawners. The proportion of jacks entering Glenariffe Stream each year was positively correlated with the proportion of jacks in the ensuing cohort. Most differences between fish of natural and hatchery origin were related to hatchery rearing practices, but the decline in age at maturity among naturally produced males appears to reflect traits inherited from parent stock of hatchery origin. Hatchery releases may also favour the survival of ocean-type fry over stream-type fry, possibly reversing a tendency for stream-type behaviour to evolve in response to the lack of estuaries on most New Zealand chinook salmon rivers.

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