Spatial distribution of Echinolitorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1882) for intertidal rocky shore in Antofagasta (23° S, Chile).

The intertidal rocky shores in continental Chile have high species diversity mainly in northern Chile (18-27° S), and one of the most widespread species is the gastropod Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). The aim of the present study is do a first characterization of spatial distribution of E. peruviana in along rocky shore in Antofagasta town in northern Chile. Individuals were counted in nine different sites that also were determined their spectral properties using remote sensing techniques (LANDSAT ETM+). The results revealed that sites without marked human intervention have more abundant in comparison to sites located in the town, also in all studied sites was found an aggregated pattern, and in six of these sites were found a negative binomial distribution. The low density related to sites with human intervention is supported when spectral properties for sites were included. These results would agree with other similar results for rocky shore in northern and southern Chile.

PFDA-FMEA-VSM Application for Outsourcing Risk Analysis

Manufacturing corporations has the acceptance of the Outsourcing Process (OP) to improve industrial activities as well as to archive the revenue objectives, and with this, Risk Analysis (RA) tools are constantly used to assure expected results. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is one of preferred RA tools, moreover, it is proven that FMEA adds uncertainty because of the human participation at the RA, afterward it is demonstrated that Pythagorean Fuzzy Dimensional Analysis – FMEA – Value Stream Mapping (PFDA-FMEA-VSM) method removes the uncertainty in RA, likewise it aids to the stakeholders for decision making, giving more advantages improving the use of the resources on the project. This document exhibits a real case scenario in a manufacturing firm applying PFDA-FMEA-VSM method adapted for manufacturing OP. The application of PFDA-FMEA-VSM shows solid RA results, removing the human intervention uncertainty added to the risk ranking, gives advantages to the stakeholders for visualize the main risks in detailed diagram, as well as make easier to take better decisions on where to apply resources and mitigate risks during OP.

Diversity and structure of the rhizosphere microbial communities of wild and cultivated ginseng

Background The resources of wild ginseng have been reducing sharply, and it is mainly dependent on artificial cultivation in China, Korea and Japan. Based on cultivation modes, cultivated ginseng include understory wild ginseng (the seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng were planted under the theropencedrymion without human intervention) and farmland cultivated ginseng (grown in farmland with human intervention). Cultivated ginseng, can only be planted on the same plot of land consecutively for several years owing to soilborne diseases, which is mainly because of the variation in the soil microbial community. In contrast, wild ginseng can grow for hundreds of years. However, the knowledge of rhizosphere microbe communities of the wild ginseng is limited. Result In the present study, the microbial communities in rhizosphere soils of the three types of ginseng were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi. In total, 4,381 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 2,679 fungal OTUs were identified in rhizosphere soils of the three types of ginseng. Among them, the shared bacterial OTUs was more than fungal OTUs by the three types of ginseng, revealing fungal communities were to be more affected than bacterial communities. In addition, the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities and bacterial diversity were similar between understory wild ginseng and wild ginseng. However, higher bacterial diversity and lower fungal diversity were found in rhizosphere soils of wild ginseng compared with farmland cultivated ginseng. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Fusarium and Alternaria were higher in farmland cultivated ginseng compared to wild ginseng and understory wild ginseng. Conclusions Our results showed that composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities were significantly different in three types of ginseng. This study extended the knowledge pedigree of the microbial diversity populating rhizospheres, and provided insights into resolving the limiting bottleneck on the sustainable development of P. ginseng crops, and even the other crops of Panax.

Aerodock (a smart, autonomous charging and docking station for unmanned aerial vehicles)

The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the need for contactless operations. While unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being developed to aid humans in countless domains, the need for effective battery management and performance optimization remains a huge task. The proposed solution, the “AeroDock”, aims to tackle these challenges by using wireless power transfer (WPT) technology coupled with smart monitoring of the drone’s health. The performance and hardware checks are assessed at the user end via cloud computing and IoT technology. This system is contact-less, safe, reliable and its usage is not affected by external factors. Thus, the AeroDock is a smart docking station for UAVs which eliminates the need for human intervention in effective charging and maintenance.

Robot Process Automation (RPA) and Its Future

Many software automation techniques have been developed in the last decade to cut down cost, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce errors. Robotic process automation (RPA) has become increasingly popular recently. RPA offers software robots (bots) that can mimic human behavior. Attended robots work in tandem with humans and can operate while the human agent is active on the computer. On the other hand, unattended robots operate behind locked screens and are designed to execute automations that don't require any human intervention. RPA robots are equipped with artificial intelligence engines such as computer vision and machine learning, and both robot types can learn automations by recording human actions.

Industry 5.0

There will be a revolution in industry and society as a result of Industry 5.0. Human-robot co-working, also known as cobots, is a key component of Industry 5.0. Industry 5.0 will overcome all the limitations of the previous industrial revolution. Humans and machines will work together in this revolution to increase the efficiency of processes by utilising human brainpower and creativity. To solve complex problems more efficiently and with less human intervention, Industry 5.0 provides a strong foundation for advanced digital manufacturing systems through interconnected networks, and it's designed to communicate with other systems, as well as powerful computing power. To enhance customer satisfaction, Industry 5.0 involves a shift from mass customization to mass personalization along with a shift from digital usage of data to intelligent use of data for sustainable development. On the basis of comparative analysis, this chapter outlines Industry 5.0's definition, its elements and components, and its application and future scope paradigm.

A Remote Calibration Device Using Edge Intelligence

Power system facility calibration is a compulsory task that requires in-site operations. In this work, we propose a remote calibration device that incorporates edge intelligence so that the required calibration can be accomplished with little human intervention. Our device entails a wireless serial port module, a Bluetooth module, a video acquisition module, a text recognition module, and a message transmission module. First, the wireless serial port is used to communicate with edge node, the Bluetooth is used to search for nearby Bluetooth devices to obtain their state information and the video is used to monitor the calibration process in the calibration lab. Second, to improve the intelligence, we propose a smart meter reading method in our device that is based on artificial intelligence to obtain information about calibration meters. We use a mini camera to capture images of calibration meters, then we adopt the Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detector (EAST) to complete text detection, finally we built the Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) to complete the recognition of the meter data. Finally, the message transmission module is used to transmit the recognized data to the database through Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). Our device solves the problem that some calibration meters cannot return information, thereby improving the remote calibration intelligence.

Intellectual Impact of Spiritual Wellbeing, Self-Determination, and Employee Outlook on Industry 5.0

The industrial revolution and advancement in field of artificial intelligence in term of Industry 4.0 has reduced the need of human intervention at workplace. That is why murmur has started around Industry 5.0 where the focus is collaborative interaction between human and machines/robots for sustainable development of industries. The objective of this study is to assess the effects on the well-being of the employees in the dynamic setting through spirituality training. The study includes the detailed analysis of 392 responses collected from employees working in high-tech and high-automated organisations such as automobiles, FMCG, and IT with the help of structured questionnaire. This study might help improve the employee wellbeing and reduce the uncertainty in workforce participation and provide more creative, innovative, and engaging mindset in Industry 5.0. The research results have presented a significant interaction between the employee wellbeing, outlook, and self-determination at workplace in the presence of spirituality training.

Occurrence and Abundance of an Apex Predator and a Sympatric Mesopredator in Rural Areas of the Coastal Range of Southern Chile

The two mammalian carnivores, puma (Puma concolor) and South American grey fox (Lycalopex griseus) were studied, in a remote area located in the humid temperate forest of the coastal range of southern Chile. A total of six locations were selected in three landscapes: pre-mountain range, mountain range, and coast. The chosen study locations are relevant because they correspond to threatened areas with different levels of human intervention., so they offer the ideal setting for studying how different species of carnivores respond to both human presence and activities. A dataset was collected for 24 months during 2016–2018 through photo-trapping (13 camera traps placed along 50 photo-trap stations). Wes estimated the apparent occurrence and relative abundance index (RAI) of the fauna registered, by means of generalized linear models to contrast those of an apex predator, such as the puma and a sympatric mesopredator, the South American grey fox, across the three landscapes. The ecological variables assessed were the RAI of the other carnivore considered, exotic carnivores such as dogs and cats, human intervention, farmland effect, prey availability, and habitat quality. The primary hypothesis was that the apparent occurrence and RAI of puma and fox would be positively associated with the RAI of prey and livestock and negatively with human intervention. On the other hand, the secondary hypothesis dealt with the interactions between puma and fox faced with different degrees of human intervention. The results showed that the apparent occurrence of the puma was statistically explained by location only, and it was highest at the mountain range. The apparent occurrence of foxes was explained by both puma apparent occurrence and relative integrated anthropization index (INRA), being highest in the pre-mountain range. Concerning the RAI of pumas, high values were yielded by location and fox RAI. For the RAI of foxes, they were location, puma RAI, and INRA. It can be suggested that eucalyptus plantations from the pre-mountain range could offer an adequate habitat for the puma and the fox, but not the coastal range, as the mountain range could be acting as a biological barrier. Due to the nature of the data, it was not possible to detect any relevant effect between the two carnivores’ considered, between their respective preys, or the very abundant presence of dogs.