Dispersion and aggregation patterns of tree species in Araucaria Forest, Southern Brazil

Neste estudo foram caracterizados morfologicamente frutos, sementes e plântulas de espécies da Floresta com Araucária (Floresta Ombrófila Mista), visando entender as estratégias de estabelecimento de diferentes grupos ecológicos. Frutos de 18 espécies arbóreas foram coletados na região de Curitiba, Paraná. As sementes foram semeadas em vermiculita e mantidas em laboratório, até a fase de plântula. Nas espécies pioneiras predominam frutos secos, deiscentes, sementes exalbuminosas, pequenas, com estruturas que favorecem a dispersão anemocórica e plântulas com cotilédones finos, foliáceos com tricomas. Nas secundárias tardias os frutos são carnosos com dispersão zoocórica, as sementes são albuminosas e as plântulas possuem cotilédones crassos, foliáceos, e, em alguns casos, também com função de reserva. Nas secundárias iniciais, as características são variáveis. A caracterização morfológica realizada dá subsídio, no contexto da ecologia funcional, à interpretação das diferentes estratégias de estabelecimento das espécies.AbstractMorphology of diaspore and seedling of tree species of the Araucaria forest (Subtropical Ombrophilous Forest) in southern Brazil. This study characterized morphologically the fruits, seeds and seedlings of species of Araucaria Forest, aiming to understand the strategies of establishing different successional groups. Therefore, fruits of 18 tree species were collected in Curitiba, Paraná. Then the seeds were sown in vermiculite and remained in the laboratory until the seedling stage. The pioneer species have predominantly dehiscent dry fruits, unalbuminous seeds, small structures that favor anemochoric dispersal and seedlings with thin cotyledons, foliaceous with trichomes. In late secondary species the fruits are fleshy with zoochorous dispersal, seeds are albuminous and seedlings present fleshy cotyledons, foliaceous, and in some cases also reserve function. In the early secondary species, the characteristics are variable. Morphological characterization allows the interpretation of functional ecology, the different strategies of establishment of species.Keywords: Succession groups; establishment; functional morphology; Mixed Ombrophilous Forest.

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Assembly patterns and functional diversity of tree species in a successional gradient of Araucaria forest in Southern Brazil

Natureza & Conservação ◽

10.1016/j.ncon.2016.09.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

José Vicente-Silva ◽

Rodrigo S. Bergamin ◽

Kátia J. Zanini ◽

Valério D. Pillar ◽

Sandra C. Müller

Keyword(s):

Functional Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Successional Gradient

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PADRÕES ESPACIAIS NA REGENERAÇÃO DE Ocotea odorifera NA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE IRATI, PR

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.28904 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cilmar Antonio Dalmaso ◽

Mario Takao Inoue ◽

Paulo Costa de Oliveira Filho ◽

Vânia Rossetto Marcelino

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Tree Species ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

National Forest ◽

Regeneration Capacity ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Typical Pattern ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Management And Conservation

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar e descrever os padrões espaciais e as características quali-quantitativas da regeneração da espécie arbórea Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer (canela-sassafrás) num fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista localizado na Floresta Nacional de Irati, região centro-sul do estado do Paraná. Para tanto, foram selecionados três hectares de amostra para coleta de informações sobre altura, diâmetro e localização de todos os indivíduos de canela-sassafrás com altura total ≥30 cm. Análises univariadas por meio da função K de Ripley foram realizadas, para descrever os padrões espaciais dos indivíduos em fases distintas de regeneração e das árvores adultas dessa espécie com diferentes tamanhos. A espécie apresentou em geral um padrão espacial agregado para a regeneração natural em todas as escalas analisadas, sugerindo ser um padrão característico da espécie nas fases iniciais. A mudança do padrão agregado para aleatório foi comprovada com a análise espacial para as diferentes classes de tamanho dos indivíduos de canela-sassafrás. Algumas inferências foram feitas em relação aos processos subjacentes, que podem estar associados com os resultados. É possível afirmar que a espécie apresenta potencialidades para o manejo e a conservação com excelente capacidade de regeneração natural.Palavras-chave: Floresta com Araucária; autoecologia; estatística espacial; canela-sassafrás. AbstractSpatial pattenrs for Ocotea odorifera regeneration in National Forest, Irati, Pr. The present research aimed to analyze and describe spatial patterns and quali-quantitative features of natural regeneration of tree species of Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer (canela-sassafrás) in a fragment of Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest (Araucarian Forest) located at the National Forest of Irati, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Three plots of one hectar each were sampled and height, diameter and location informations were collected for all plants of canela-sassafrás with total height ≥ 30 cm. Univariate analyzes using K-function of Ripley were done in order to describe spatial patterns of plants at different regeneration phases as well as of canela-sassafrás adults. Generally, this species presented an aggregated spatial pattern at all considered scales of regeneration, suggesting to be a typical pattern at initial phases of this species. The change from aggregated to random spatial pattern was tested analyzing different size classes of canela-sassafrás. Some inferences were made considering subjacent processes that could be associated to obtained results. It is possible to say that the studied species presents potencialities for its management and conservation with excellent natural regeneration capacity. Keywords: Araucaria Forest; auto-ecology; spatial statistics; canela-sassafrás.

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Identifying target species and seed sources for the restoration of threatened trees in southern Brazil

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605314001069 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 425-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. M. Hoffmann ◽

C. T. Blum ◽

S. J. E. Velazco ◽

D. J. C. Gill ◽

M. Borgo

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Individual Species ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Target Species ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Seed Collection ◽

Limited Knowledge ◽

Seed Sources

AbstractEcological restoration of trees is often constrained by limited knowledge of the biology, propagation and management requirements of individual species. Consequently, restoration initiatives rarely incorporate less well-known species or those that are difficult to source and grow. We describe challenges associated with the restoration of threatened trees in the Araucaria Forest of southern Brazil, and analyse the effectiveness of methods used to define target species, identify seed sources and generate information on the phenology of rare or threatened tree species. A review of secondary data identified 71 rare or threatened taxa as targets for seed collection. We then surveyed 68.7 km of trails in 26 forest remnants, identifying and mapping 1,027 seed-producing trees of 38 species. Surveys confirmed the scarcity of several tree species (including seven species with an abundance of <0.04 individuals per km), and nine species showed no signs of fruiting during 3 years of phenological monitoring. These findings, together with limited knowledge and application of optimal seed collection methods, are significant factors impeding the recovery of these species within their natural habitat. Wider application of the results of this case study could support restoration of the Araucaria Forest with seedlings from a wider diversity of species.

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Arrested development? Investigating the role of bamboo in Araucaria Forest succession in Southern Brazil

Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.1093/jpe/rtz037 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Betina Kellermann ◽

André Eduardo Biscaia Lacerda

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Forest Succession ◽

Similar Process ◽

Research Station ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Medium Term ◽

Araucaria Forest

Abstract Aims Assessing the role of a dominant native bamboo species on tree species diversity and structure in the medium term. Methods Over a 7-year period, we studied the natural regeneration of two dominant forest types in Southern Brazil (Araucaria Forest or AF; Bamboo Forest or BF) after a bamboo (Merostachys skvortzovii Send.) die-off between 2004 and 2006. The study was carried out in the Embrapa Research Station in Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Important Findings The die-off provided ideal conditions for the establishment of several species and it kickstarted forest succession dynamics, which in turn affected regeneration diversity. Tree species richness was relatively stable with a transitory increase between 2007 and 2014 in both AF and BF. However, species richness rose in BF because of a relative increase in abundance of some species (especially late and secondary species) while a plunge in some pioneer species drove an increase in diversity. Overall, we found that BF has a lower diversity of recruits and that density declined over time, while AF is more diverse, with a more stable density. In BF, the bamboo die-off created optimal conditions for initial regeneration development (mainly fast-growing pioneer trees), which quickly transited to higher size classes. Yet, after this initial stage of pioneer recruitment, the number of recruits dropped followed by a virtual absence of growth regardless of the species group as a result of a quick bamboo reestablishment. As bamboo recreated a dense understory it reduced species diversity to original levels, suggesting a self-maintaining cycle that halts forest succession. On the other hand, the bamboo die-off had little impact on AF where a slow recruitment process typical of old-growth forests was observed. The results indicate that the die-off event had a temporary effect on species diversity i.e. restricted to forests where bamboos are dominant in a similar process described in other southern South American forests. As the first study to observe the medium-term forest dynamics related to bamboo die-off, we can conclude that when being dominant, native bamboos can hinder forest regeneration, maintaining lower levels of diversity and arresting forest succession that lasts well beyond the short-term, post-die-off effects. Many forest fragments in the region are dominated by bamboos, thus their potential for conservation is at risk and requires appropriate management.

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Taxonomic and ecological aspects of Myrceugenia mesomischa (Myrtaceae), an endemic tree from southern Brazil

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201162301 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 445-457

Author(s):

Robberson Bernal Setubal ◽

Martin Grings ◽

Eduardo Pasini ◽

Guilherme Dubal dos Santos Seger

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Importance Value ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Current State ◽

Ecological Aspects

Abstract Myrceugenia mesomischa (Burret) D. Legrand & Kausel (Myrtaceae), a tree species poorly cited in floristic and phytosociological surveys in its area of known occurrence, was recorded as one of the species with the highest importance value in a fragment of Araucaria forest in São Francisco de Paula municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The species was abundant in the understory strata of the forest, showing the highest frequency and density of the survey. Considering the paucity of data on the species, its degree of rarity and endemism (occurring only in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil), more studies are needed to evaluate the true current state of conservation of populations of this species.

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Intraspecific trait variability of a typical tree species of riverine forests in southern Brazil

Flora ◽

10.1016/j.flora.2021.151806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 279 ◽

pp. 151806

Author(s):

Edilvane Inês Zonta ◽

Guilherme Krahl de Vargas ◽

João André Jarenkow

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Riverine Forests ◽

Intraspecific Trait Variability ◽

Trait Variability

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Wood anatomical traits of the Araucaria Forest, Southern Brazil

Bosque (Valdivia) ◽

10.4067/s0717-92002016000100003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patricia Soffiatti ◽

Maria Regina Torres Boeger ◽

Silvana Nisgoski ◽

Felipe Kauai

Keyword(s):

Southern Brazil ◽

Araucaria Forest

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Gall-inducing insects of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia ◽

10.1590/s0085-56262013005000001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tiago Shizen Pacheco Toma ◽

Milton de Souza Mendonça Júnior

Keyword(s):

Southern Brazil ◽

Araucaria Forest

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Leaf architecture of terrestrial and epiphytic ferns from an Araucaria forest in southern Brazil

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2013-0114 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 91 (11) ◽

pp. 768-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Larcher ◽

M.R.T. Boeger ◽

P. Soffiatti ◽

T.I. Da Silveira

Keyword(s):

Plant Architecture ◽

Mechanical Design ◽

Light Interception ◽

Leaf Position ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Leaf Architecture ◽

Leaf Form ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Maximum Light ◽

Rigid Structure

Studies of angiosperms have associated the mechanical design of petioles with leaf form and the occurrence of simple and compound leaves. Petiole anatomy can respond differently, according to different leaf forms, to maintain plant architecture. The present study evaluated whether this premise applies to fern leaf architecture. Leaves of five ferns (Blechnum binervatum (Poir.) C.V. Morton & Lellinger, Ctenitis falciculata (Raddi) Ching, Megalastrum connexum (Kaulf.) A.R. Smith & R.C. Moran, Microgramma squamulosa (Kaulf.) de la Sota, and Serpocaulon catharinae (Langsd. & Fisch.) A.R. Sm.) from a remnant of an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil were collected and their morphological and anatomical traits were analyzed. Results indicate that the biomechanical patterns of these terrestrial and epiphytic ferns are similar to those reported for angiosperms, except for the presence of subepidermal sclerenchyma in fern petioles. Independently of leaf form, the rigid structure of fern petioles appears to be an important adaptation to biomechanically support leaf position for maximum light interception in forest understories.

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