FEATURES OF IRON COATING ELECTRO-GALVANIC METHOD

The paper analyzes the technological process of electro-electroplating-mechanical coating in comparison with a similar process without mechanical impact on the formed coating.

A rational account of the repulsion effect

The attraction effect occurs when the presence of an inferior option (the decoy) increases the attractiveness of the option that dominates it (the target). Despite its prominence in behavioral science, recent evidence points to the puzzling existence of the opposite phenomenon—a repulsion effect. In this paper, we formally develop and experimentally test a normative account of the repulsion effect. Our theory is based on the idea that the true values of options are uncertain and must be inferred from available information, which includes the properties of other options. A low-value decoy can signal that the target also has low value when both are believed to be generated by a similar process. We formalize this logic using a hierarchical Bayesian cognitive model that makes predictions about how the strength of the repulsion effect should vary with statistical properties of the decision problem. This theory may help account for several documented phenomena linked to the repulsion effect across both economic and perceptual decision making, as well as new experimental data. Our results shed light on the key drivers of context-dependent judgment across multiple domains and sharpen our understanding of when decoys can be detrimental.

Rapid Evidence Synthesis To Enable Innovation And Adoption in Health and Social Care

BackgroundThe rapid identification and adoption of effective innovations in healthcare is a known challenge. The strongest evidence base for innovations can be provided by evidence synthesis, but this is frequently a lengthy process and even rapid versions of this can be time-consuming and complex. In the UK, the Accelerated Access Review and Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) have provided the impetus to develop a faster pathway for identification and adoption of high value innovations in the English NHS. MethodsThe Greater Manchester Applied Research Collaboration (ARC-GM) developed a framework for a rapid evidence synthesis (RES) process, which is highly integrated within the innovation pipeline of the Greater Manchester AHSN and the associated health care and research ecosystem. The RES uses evidence synthesis approaches and draws on the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework to provide rapid assessments of the existing evidence and its relevance for the decision-making process. We implemented this in a real-time context of decision-making around adoption of innovative health technologies.ResultsKey stakeholders in the Greater Manchester decision-making process for healthcare innovations have found that our approach is both timely and flexible, making it a useful input to considerations of innovation for adoption. The RES also identifies limitations of the evidence base for innovations subsequently adopted for roll-out, informing the evaluations planned subsequent to implementation. There is substantial interest from other ARCs and AHSNs in implementing a similar process.ConclusionsThe RES framework we have implemented aims to combine transparency and consistency with flexibility and rapidity, to maximise utility in a real-time decision-making context for healthcare innovations.

Longitudinal Effects of Distress and Its Management During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic that hit Spain during March 2020 forced the strict confinement of the population for 2 months. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the magnitude and duration of the influence of confinement on people’s Distress, (b) to study the temporal sequence of stress, and (c) to show how different day-to-day activities and personal variables influence perceived Distress levels.Method: A daily registration was completed by 123 people, with ages ranging from 21 to 75 years old (X¯ = 43, SD = 10 years), of which there were 40 men (32%) and 83 females (68%). During 45 days of lockdown, from March 19th to May 3rd, participants were asked to respond to a socio-demographic survey and make daily records comprising the MASQ-D30 and some day-to-day behaviors. Pooled time series was applied to establish what effect time had on the dependent variable.Results: Distress has a 14-day autoregressive function and gender, physical activity, sexual activity, listening to music, and teleworking also influence Distress. It has been hypothesized that the intercept presents variability at level 2 (individual), but it has not been significant. Interactions between Gender—Telecommuting, and Gender—Physical Activity were observed. Approximately 66% of the variance of Distress was explained (R2 = 0.663).Discussion: At the beginning of the lockdown, the average levels of Distress were well above the levels of the end (z = 3.301). The individuals in the sample have followed a very similar process in the development of Distress. During the lockdown, the “memory” of Distress was 2 weeks. Our results indicate that levels of Distress depend on activities during lockdown. Interactions exist between gender and some behavioral variables that barely influence Distress in men but decrease Distress in women. The importance of routine maintenance and gender differences must be considered to propose future interventions during confinement.

Resuscitation 2020: Proceedings From the NeoHeart 2020 International Conference

Resuscitation guidelines are developed and revised by medical societies throughout the world. These guidelines are increasingly based on evidence from preclinical and clinical research. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation reviews evidence for each resuscitation practice and provides summary consensus statements that inform resuscitation guideline committees. A similar process is used for different populations including neonatal, pediatric, and adult resuscitation. The NeoHeart 2020 Conference brought together experts in resuscitation to discuss recent evidence and guidelines for resuscitation practices. This review summarizes the main focus of discussion from this symposium.

Tool Downscaling Effects on the Friction Stir Spot Welding Process and Properties of Current-Carrying Welded Aluminum–Copper Joints for E-Mobility Applications

According to the technical breakthrough towards E-Mobility, current-carrying dissimilar joints between aluminum and copper are gaining an increasing relevance for the automotive industry and thus, coming into focus of many research activities. The joining of dissimilar material in general is well known to be a challenging task. Furthermore, the current-carrying joining components in E-Drive consist of pure aluminum and copper materials with relatively thin sheet thickness, which are thermally and mechanically very sensitive, as well as highly heat and electrically conductive. This results in additional challenges for the joining process. Due to their properties, friction stir welding and especially fiction stir spot welding (FSSW) using pinless tools—i.e., as hybrid friction diffusion bonding process (HFDB) is more and more attractive for new application fields and particularly promising for aluminum–copper joining tasks in E-Mobility. However, the feasibility is restricted because of the relatively high process forces required during friction stir welding. Thus, to fulfill the high process and quality requirements in this above-mentioned application field, further research and process development towards process force reduction are necessary. This work deals with the application of the tool downscaling strategy as a mean of process force reduction in FSSW of thin aluminum and copper sheets for current-carrying applications in E-Mobility, where the components are very sensitive to high mechanical loads. The tool downscaling approach enables constant weld quality in similar process time of about 0.5 s despite reduced process forces and torques. By reducing the tool diameter from 10 mm to 6 mm, the process force could be reduced by 36% and the torque by over 50%. Furthermore, a similar heat propagation behavior in the component is observable. These results provide a good basis for the joining of E-Drive components with thermal and mechanical sensitive sheet materials using the pinless FSSW process.

Bridging research and dissemination in the CoViD-19 era: a WebGIS dashboard for the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy)

The paper presents an ongoing project devoted to the study, the analysis and the representation of epidemiological data related to CoViD-19 spread in the territory of the Province of Trento (Italy), both for scientific and communication purposes. In this broader context, the construction of a digital cartography tool as a WebGIS to allow local communities understanding of epidemiological spread is presented. Data have been supplied by the local Provincial Health Authority; statistic have been processed in order to develop municipality scale vector polygonal coropleth and point maps in order to show affected, health and death rate distribution. A timeline allows the representation of changes and dynamics from Spring 2020 to the current date. The database provides “on-the-fly” data to the production scripts of maps and time charts. These scripts querying the database produce a geographic file in the geojson standard interchange format. This file is read by the javascript scripts based on the leaflet libraries for the production of the final maps. In a similar process, scripts based on the chart.js library produce the graph of the data temporal variation, automatically reading dates and interval time of analysis. A custom procedure was developed to allow the periodic update of the dataset. New information is added to the database by uploading an external spreadsheet. The study presents the methodology to develop and assess the WebGIS for managing, visualize and analyse Coronavirus diffusion. Future implementation of the WebGIS will expand the used data and allow the comparison with social and environmental factors.

Mixed magnesian binders using local silicate waste production

Today, the waste of the mining industry is more than 8 billion tons. Analysis of the literature data showed that most of the man-made waste that is generated as a result of the development of mineral deposits is suitable for use in many industries, in particular, in the production of building materials. The use of technogenic raw materials allows us to solve the following tasks: Environmental aspect - reducing the number of dumps and reducing their volumes. And this, in turn, improves the ecology of regions and territories. 2. Economic aspect - reducing the cost of construction products through the use of almost free raw materials, the release of more competitive products. Of course, it is necessary to provide that part of the costs will be spent on additional processing, revision, activation, modification of this technogenic raw material component. But today we have to think about how to clear the territory of substandard “waste rock” and use it to reduce the production and consumption of natural raw materials. A similar process can create waste-free production.

Chemically Fresh Gas Inflows Detected in a Nearby High-mass Star-forming Region

We report the detection of a chemically fresh inflow that is feeding high-mass young-stellar-object (HMYSO) growth in the nearby high-mass star-forming region G352.63 made with both the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Submillimeter Array (SMA). High-quality images of the dust and molecular lines from both ALMA and SMA have consistently revealed a gravitationally controlled cold (∼10 K) gas inflow of chemically fresh molecules (e.g., CCH and HC3N) toward the central HMYSO and its surrounding dense gas structure, which has a possible torus- or disk-like morphology. The HMYSO is also observed to have an outflow, which is nearly perpendicular to the torus and its parental filament, and thus can be clearly separated from the inflows. These kinematic features provide observational evidence to support the conjecture that the infalling streamers in high-mass star-forming regions could proceed in a similar process to that observed in low-mass counterparts. The chemically fresh infalling streamers could also be involved in the disk or torus configuration, fragmentation, and accretion bursts that occur in both simulations and observations.

A critical Review of Dhoopan Karma in Ayurveda and Dhoopana of an Ayurvedic Herbomineral formulation Yavasarshapadi churna in context of Sterilization.

Dhoopana Karma is classical remedy mentioned in various Ayurvedic scriptures to maintain disease free and hygienic environment in the world. As per Ayurvedic scriptures Dhoopana is indicated for Rakshoghna Karma which means killing of disease producing microorganisms. Hence, it plays key role in prevention and cure of various infectious diseases.A similar process called fumigation is one of best and fastest method to maintain asepsis, antisepsis in wards and operation theatres of hospitals.Additionally, this study comprises critical literary review of herbomineral formulation named Yavasarshapadi Choorna which is indicated in form of incense for Dhoopana karma. It is indicated in Ayurvedic scripture Charaka Samhita in chapter Jatisutriya Sharir Adhyaya of Sharir Sthana. It was reviewed in context of sterilization activity to maintain asepsis and antisepsis. Specifically, it is indicated for fumigation of cloths and belongings of post-natal period of Women and that of the New born, Drug preparation room, New born care room, Surgical Procedure room modern surgery, traditional operation theatre sterilization was done by formalin gas fumigation over many decades which is found to have carcinogenic effect over human lives. Ayurvedic modality named Dhoopana was undertaken in current study as it is a safe and healthy alternative for sterilization.It overcomes harmful effects caused by modern sterilization method i.e. Formalin gas fumigation which is need of an hour. The Analytical study of antimicrobial and antifungal effect of various Ayurvedic Dhoopana Dravyas is the need of the hour along with preclinical and clinical study to verify Sterilization activity of various Ayurvedic Dhoopana Dravyas.