scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values for evaluating terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandra Durayski ◽  
Guilherme Watte ◽  
Gabriel Sartori Pacini ◽  
Diego Hermindo Roman ◽  
Marta Brenner Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Terminal Ileitis ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Active Inflammation

Abstract Objective: To determine the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in identifying terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn’s disease. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 38 consecutive patients with Crohn’s disease who underwent magnetic resonance enterography with DWI in a 3.0 T scanner. The patients were divided into two groups, on the basis of colonoscopy and biopsy findings: active inflammation; and inactive disease. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined, as were the magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) and the Clermont score. Results: Of the 38 patients evaluated, 18 (47%) had active inflammation. The patients with active inflammation showed greater restricted diffusion, more pronounced mucosal edema, greater wall thickening, a higher MaRIA, and a higher Clermont score than did those with inactive disease. The level of interobserver agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) was excellent for the MaRIA and the Clermont score, whereas it was substantial for the ADC values. For identifying colonoscopy-proven inflammation, the best ADC cut-off point was 2.1 × 10−3 mm2/s, which had a sensitivity of 88.8% and a specificity of 95.0%, whereas DWI presented an overall accuracy of 89.4%, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusion: Visual analysis of the DWI sequence has good accuracy in detecting terminal ileitis in patients with Crohn’s disease. In addition, low ADC values have good sensitivity for detecting colonoscopy-proven inflammation.

Diagnostic model for Crohn�s disease based on magnetic resonance enterography layered bowel wall enhancement and apparent diffusion coefficient (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tomicka-Szymanska ◽  
Mariusz Kaszubowski ◽  
Pawel J. Winklewski ◽  
Joanna Pienkowska ◽  
Arkadiusz Szarmach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Bowel Wall ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Enterography ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

BACKGROUND Human imaging research transitions from mapping local effects to developing predictive models that integrate information distributed across various MRI modalities. OBJECTIVE We hypothesised that based on magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) layered bowel wall enhancement and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), measured in the affected parts of the intestine, one would be able to effectively differentiate active and chronic phases of Crohn’s disease. The aim of this study was to create a multidimensional diagnostic model for differentiating between Crohn’s disease phases. METHODS This study included 125 patients, 55 women (44.0%; aged 19 to 66 years) and 70 men (56.0%; aged 12 to 67 years), who underwent MRE and ADC measurement for the first time. No patients had been previously treated for Crohn’s disease. The group of potential explanatory variables comprised 11 variables, including the thickness of the occupied section, length of the occupied section, number of lymph nodes present, layered bowel wall enhancement, total transitions on fat tissue, features of restricted diffusion in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and ADC values. RESULTS The final discrimination model was based on only two variables, namely ADC (A) and layered bowel wall enhancement (W). Active Crohn’s disease was defined as -6.339 + 4.747 × W + 0.008 × A, while chronic Crohn’s disease was defined as -11.365 + 2.812 × W + 0.012 × A. CONCLUSIONS The predictive model described here could identify the active form of Crohn’s disease with a probability of 93.06% and the chronic form with a probability of 75.57%. The use of classic MRE layered bowel wall enhancement and a DWI-based ADC metric eliminates the main shortcomings of both approaches. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

Quantitative brain histogram of canine epilepsy using magnetic resonance imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512091403
Author(s):  
Somkiat Huaijantug ◽  
Paranee Yatmark ◽  
Phanupong Chinnabrut ◽  
Nutruja Rueangsawat ◽  
Avirut Wongkumlue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Brain

Background Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study the anatomy of the brain in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Purpose To quantitate MRI images in terms of volumetric ratios and histogram analyses of the following regions of interest (ROI) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: frontal; parietal; temporal; piriform; thalamic; and hippocampal regions. Material and Methods Nine dogs with epilepsy and four healthy controls were evaluated. We examined the volumetric ratios and histogram analyses of six ROIs in all dogs. Results MR images, in T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient sequences detected changes in 4/9 (44%) epileptic dogs found in 5/6 regions: frontal; parietal; temporal; piriform; and hippocampal regions. However, no such changes were observed in the thalamic region. Interestingly, the frontal and piriform volumetric ratios of epileptic dogs were significantly lower than those of control dogs. The histogram analyses in 4/6 regions were significantly increased in epileptic dogs. Conclusion Our results demonstrated MRI finding abnormalities in several regions of the brain in several sequences including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient in epileptic dogs. In several regions of the brain, atrophy may exist, and hyperintensity may be present on MR images in epileptic dogs. These findings suggest that the diagnostic yield of MRI, which is an advanced neuroimaging technique, is high in epileptic dogs and has good reliability and sensitivity in detecting abnormal areas in patients.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Diffusion W Imaging in Cerebral Fat Embolism

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Marshall ◽  
V.R. Heale ◽  
L. Herx ◽  
A. Abdeen ◽  
L. Mrkonjic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Fat Embolism ◽  
Cytotoxic Edema ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Weighted Sequences ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Mapping

The use of diffusion weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping in the diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism is shown here to demonstrate infarcts secondary to fat emboli more intensely than T2 weighted sequences 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Embolic foci are hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping consistent with cytotoxic edema associated with cell death and restricted water diffusion. This technique increases the sensitivity for detecting cerebral fat embolism and offers a potentially important tool in its diagnosis.

Effects of contrast-enhancement on diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in 3-T magnetic resonance imaging of breast lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 902-908
Author(s):  
Valentina Cipolla ◽  
Daniele Guerrieri ◽  
Giacomo Bonito ◽  
Simone Celsa ◽  
Carlo de Felice
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Adc Values

Background The effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measurements of breast lesions is still not clear. Purpose To investigate gadolinium effects on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in breast lesions and normal parenchyma with 3 Tesla contrast-enhanced MRI. Material and Methods Pre- and post-contrast DWI (b = 0 and b = 1000 s/mm2) were acquired in 47 patients. Measured ADC values, pre- and post-contrast T2 signal intensity (T2 SI) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank-sum test ( P < 0.05). Results Post-contrast ADC was reduced only in malignant lesions (−34%), T2 SI was reduced both in malignant (−50%) and benign (−36%) lesions. Post-contrast CNR was reduced in all groups except for benign lesions. Conclusion Gadolinium-based contrast agent causes a significant reduction in ADC values of malignant breast lesions.

scholarly journals The accuracy of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy in Iraqi patients in comparison with histopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Saba Q . Issa ◽  
Khaleel I. Mohson ◽  
Nawras K. Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Ovarian Malignancy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Solid Part

Background: Ovarian malignancy is considered to score the highest fatality among women due to lack of significant symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment lead to good prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a major role in the diagnosis by detecting the lesions and assessing their appearance and consistency. Objective: To determine the accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy and comparing this to histopathology as a gold standard test. Patients and methods: A follow up study was conducted in the MRI unit of the Radiology Department in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Baghdad Medical City Complex during the period from 1st of February to 31st of December, 2017 on a group of thirty women with clinically suspected adnexal mass(es). All patients were examined with MRI including the diffusion-weighted imaging. Surgical specimens were taken for histopathology assessment. Results: A total of 30 women with adnexal mass were included in this study, with a mean age of 46.8±14.9 years. The MRI T1W image of the cystic part was dark in (60%), while the T2W image of the cystic part was bright (80%), T2W of the solid part was bright in (53.3%), T2W fat saturation of the solid part was bright in the majority (73.3%). T1W fat suppression contrast-enhanced of the solid part was avid in 66.7% of women with an adnexal mass; DWI of the solid part was bright in (76.7%). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value by MRI for women with adnexal mass was 0.9±0.3x103 mm2/sec. Histopathology mainly revealed mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in (10%) and low-grade serous adenocarcinoma in (10%).Validity of the results of MRI regarding malignant adnexal mass were sensitivity (90.9%), specificity (75%), +ve predictive value (90.9%), -ve predictive value (75%) and accuracy (86.6%). The appropriate cutoff value for apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiation between malignant and benign adnexal mass was 0.97 with 100% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. Conclusions: MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging is a valid and reliable technique in the diagnosis and characterization of ovarian malignancy.

scholarly journals Value of Minimum Apparent Diffusion Coefficient on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker for Predicting Progression of Disease Following Surgery and Radiotherapy in Glial Tumors from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rishi Awasthi ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Sanjay Behari ◽  
K. J. Maria Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

ABSTRACT Purpose: Studies have shown that cellularity of glial tumors are inversely correlated to minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The purpose of this prospective exploratory study was to evaluate whether temporal change in “minimum ADC” values during follow-up predict progressive disease in glial tumors post radiotherapy and surgery. Materials and Methods: Adult patients of glial tumors, subjected to surgery followed by Radiotherapy (RT), were included in the study. Serial conventional magnetic resonance imaging with DWI at the following time points – presurgery, pre-RT, post-RT imaging at 3, 7, and 15 months were done. For “minimum ADC” values, multiple regions of interest (ROI) were identified on ADC maps derived from DWI. A mean of 5 minimum ADC values was chosen as “minimum ADC” value. The correlation was drawn between histology and minimum ADC values and time trends were studied. Results: Fourteen patients were included in this study. Histologies were low-grade glioma (LGG) - 5, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (ODG) -5, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - 4. Minimum ADC values were significantly higher in LGG and GBM than ODG. Presurgery, the values were 0.812, 0.633, and 0.787 × 10−3 mm2/s for LGG, ODG, and GBM, respectively. DWI done at the time of RT planning showed values of 0.786, 0.636, 0.869 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. During follow-up, the increasing trend of minimum ADC was observed in LGG (P = 0.02). All these patients were clinically and radiologically stable. Anaplastic ODGs, however, showed an initial increase followed by the fall of minimum ADC in all the 5 cases (P = 0.00). Four of the five cases developed progressive disease subsequently. In all the 4 GBM cases, a consistent fall of minimum ADC values was observed (P = 0.00), and they all progressed in spite of RT. Conclusions: The DWI-derived minimum ADC values are an important yet simple quantitative tool to assess the treatment response and disease progression before they are evident on conventional imaging during the follow-up of glial tumors.

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