scholarly journals Characterization of coronary arteries in Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla: Myrmecophagidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
C.A.T. Cruvinel ◽  
T.M.A. Cruvinel ◽  
L.P.N. Aires ◽  
R.F. Rodrigues ◽  
A.P.F. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Whole Heart ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Coronary Ostium

ABSTRACT Were used twelve (12) adult anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), adults, 6 (six) males and 6 (six) females, weighing from 20 to 27.32kg from free life. The thoracic cavity was opened until visualization of the whole heart and lungs and later injection of the coronary vessels. The right coronary artery emerged through a single coronary ostium of the aorta, 50%, emitting the intermediate branch and the subsinuous interventricular branch, had a path directed to the subsurface interventricular groove. In the other 50%, the right coronary artery was not present, showing only its branches, intermediate branch and subsurface interventricular branch with emergence of the aorta. Left coronary artery presented, in 83.33%, origin from the aorta in single ostium, issuing the circumflex and interventricular paraconal branches. In 16.66%, the left coronary artery was not evidenced originating from the aorta, but its branches, circumflex and interventricular paraconal.

Associated Coronary Anomalies in 135 Iranian Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Hekmat ◽  
Sima Rafieyian ◽  
Mahnoush Foroughi ◽  
Majidi Mohammad M Tehrani ◽  
Beheshti Mahmoud Monfared ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Coronary Ostium ◽  
Iranian Patients

Coronary artery anomalies are common among patients with tetralogy of Fallot. One hundred and thirty-five patients (80 males and 55 females) with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent repair between 1995 and 2002 were studied to determine the incidence of coronary anomalies in Iranian patients. Eight (5.9%) patients (4 males and 4 females) had a surgically relevant coronary artery anomaly: single coronary ostium in 5, origin of the left anterior descending artery from the right coronary artery in 2, and origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary artery in 1. The surgical technique in 3 of these patients was repair of the ventricular septal defect with a transverse incision on the right ventricle, without damage to the coronary arteries. In another patient, an allograft aortic valve cylinder was inserted. In the other 4 patients with a single coronary ostium, placement of a limited transannular patch was adequate. Consideration of these anomalies during primary repair could decrease the risk of operation in such patients. However, it seems that the presence of anomalous coronary arteries does not affect incremental risk after surgical repair.

A CADAVERIC STUDY ON CORONARY ARTERY VARIATIONS AND ITS CLINICAL `SIGNIFICANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Sony Jhansi Priya ◽  
Sangeetha A ◽  
M. Sai Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Right

Coronary artery variations are one of the commonest variations observed during clinical procedures. Normally, there are two main coronary arteries, the right coronary artery (RCA), left coronary artery (LCA).Left coronary artery gives two important branches left circumex artery (LCX) and left anterior descending (LAD) arteries. Knowledge about the coronary vessels and its variations are essential to clinicians to prevent untoward injury of vessels during any procedures. To study the morphology and variations of coronar Aim: y arteries by dissection. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cadaveric study which was conducted on 50 hearts obtained from adult human cadavers. Coronary arteries were dissected to see the origin, course and variations. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and expressed in percentage. The Right Results: coronary artery branched out from the right aortic sinus and had an average diameter of 3.5mm. The left coronary artery arouse from left aortic sinus and had an average diameter of 4mm. LMCA divided into two branches in 60 percent, three branches in 30 percent and four branches in 06 percent of the hearts and direct branches from left aortic sinuus in 4 percent hearts.Based on the origin of Posterior descending or interventricular artery, Right dominance was observed in 68 percent, left dominance in 26 percent, and equal dominance in 06 percent of the hearts. Conclusion: Knowledge about the variations of coronary vessels is a prerequisite for clinicians to perform interventions of coronary vessels.

Reimplantation of an anomalous left coronary artery with a malignant course

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Imoto ◽  
Tomoyuki Matsuba ◽  
Hideaki Kanda ◽  
Yuki Ogata ◽  
Shuji Nagatomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Anomalous Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Single Coronary Ostium ◽  
Anomalous Left Coronary ◽  
Aortic Cuff

A 14-year-old boy was diagnosed with an anomalous left coronary artery coursing between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery and associated with a single coronary ostium. Owing to the high risk of sudden cardiac death, surgery was performed although he was asymptomatic with no sign of myocardial ischemia. Reimplantation of an anomalous left coronary artery is generally considered difficult because an aortic cuff is unavailable for coronary anastomosis; however, we accomplished a successful direct reimplantation in this patient. This procedure offers another choice in the surgical treatment of anomalous left coronary artery.

scholarly journals Single Coronary Artery with Anomalous Rising of the Right Coronary Artery: A Rare Coronary Anomaly Diagnosed by 256-Multidetector Computed Tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitsios Gitsioudis ◽  
Evangelos Giannitsis ◽  
Waldemar Hosch ◽  
Hans U. Kauczor ◽  
Hugo A. Katus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Single Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Herein we report the diagnostic potential of cardiac computed tomography (cCT) to delineate the origin and course of an anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the midpart of the left anterior descended artery (LAD) in an adult with no other form of congenital heart disease. The patient was referred to our institution due to exertional dyspnea and suspected coronary artery disease. The patient underwent X-ray coronary angiography, and no high grade lesions were observed in the left coronary vessels. In the course of the mid-left-anterior-descending artery (LAD), an anomalous side branch coursing away from the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was observed, while a right coronary ostium could not be depicted. cCT confirmed the absence of a right coronary ostium, and the vessel originating from the mid LAD was identified as an anomalous RCA, which coursed anterior of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

Location of Early Atheroma in the Human Coronary Arteries

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fox ◽  
W. A. Seed
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Lesions ◽  
Circumferential Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Right

We have correlated the location of early atheroma with vessel geometry in the major coronary arteries of subjects dying of noncardiovascular causes under 40 yr of age. We analyzed only those vessels affected minimally by very early (fatty) disease. In each of the three major branches, disease was concentrated close to the entrance and diminished with distance downstream. Circumferential distribution of disease was also not random. In the right coronary artery, lesions were concentrated on the inner wall of the major curvature. Immediately downstream of the entrances of both branches of the left coronary artery, the flow-dividing walls were spared. Further downstream in the left anterior, descending branch plaques followed a spiral distribution. We believe these patterns may be determined by local mechanical factors.

scholarly journals Morphological Features and Plaque Composition in Culprit Atheromatous Plaques of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Nyulas ◽  
Emese Marton ◽  
Victoria Ancuta Rus ◽  
Nora Rat ◽  
Mihaela Ratiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Necrotic Core ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Plaque Vulnerability ◽  
Atheromatous Plaques ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: The independent role of each plaque feature in relation to plaque vulnerability is still the subject of ongoing research. This study aimed to compare the morphologic characteristics of vulnerable atheromatous coronary plaques with the ones of stable, non-vulnerable plaques, and in plaques with different locations in the coronary tree, in order to identify the most relevant imaging-based biomarkers associated with coronary plaque vulnerability. Material and methods: This was a prospective observational, non-randomized study that included 50 patients with unstable angina who underwent computed tomography angiography for assessment of the entire coronary artery tree followed by complex morphologic analysis of all lesions, divided into two groups: group 1 – 25 patients with vulnerable plaque (VP) and group 2 – 25 age- and gender-matched patients with non-vulnerable plaque (NVP). Results: Lesions with a stenosis degree >70% were significantly longer than those with a stenosis degree <70% (8.27 ± 2.74 mm vs. 5.56 ± 4.11 mm, p = 0.04). VP presented significantly higher values of plaque thickness (p = 0.0005), plaque burden (p = 0.0004), and higher total plaque volume (p = 0.0005) than NVP. The remodeling index was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.6), but the eccentricity index was (0.24 ± 0.14 compared to 0.14 ± 0.17, p = 0.023). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between plaque burden and plaque components in VP (r = 0.76, p <0.0001 for necrotic core; r = 0.62, p = 0.0008 for fibro-fatty tissue; and r = 0.5, p = 0.01 for fibrotic tissue volume). Culprit plaques located in the right coronary artery presented significantly larger plaque burden volumes (91.17 ± 4.88 mm3 vs. 83.35 ± 8.47 mm3, p = 0.04), larger volumes of necrotic core (82.03 ± 47.85 mm3 vs. 45.84 ± 43.72 mm3, p = 0.02) and fibrofatty tissue (53.23 ± 31.92 mm3 vs. 23.76 ± 20.90 mm3, p = 0.02) than the ones situated in the left coronary artery. Conclusions: VPs from the culprit lesions exhibit a different phenotype than non-vulnerable ones, and vulnerability features are present in a significantly larger extent in VPs from the right coronary artery as compared to those from the left coronary artery.

scholarly journals Variants of the anatomical structure of the coronary arteries and the left atrium remodeling in patients with different forms of atrial fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
Nikita L. Sharikov ◽  
S. M. Chibisov ◽  
O. N. Ragozin ◽  
S. Sh. Gasimova
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Sinoatrial Node ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
The Right

One of the reasons leading to dilatation of the left atrium is atrial fibrillation. A retrospective analysis of 136 case histories of patients with various forms of “non-valvular” atrial fibrillation was performed, depending on the shape of atrial fibrillation, the patients were divided into 3 groups. In patients with atrial fibrillation in 62.5%, the source of the atrial branches was the envelope branch of the left coronary artery. Atrial branches originating from the right coronary artery system were identified in 35.8%. In men, atrial arteries occur significantly more often. The results differ from publications, according to which the blood supply of the atria and sinoatrial node from 60 to 75% is carried out by branches departing from the basin of the right coronary artery. The degree of dilatation of the left atrium does not depend on the source of blood supply, but a correlation between the size of the left atrium and the diameter of the branches of the artery of the sinatrial node in the group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is traced.

scholarly journals Specific morphological characteristics of the coronary arteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
V. Ispas ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
R. Baz ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Circumflex Artery ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marginal Artery ◽  
The Right

Abstract In 68% of cases, the left coronary ostium is at the free edge of the left sigmoid valve in 22% of cases over the edge of the valve and in 8% of cases under the free edge of the valve. In 56% of cases, the right coronary ostium is at the free edge of the left sigmoid valve in 28% of cases over the edge of the valve and in 16% of cases under the free edge of the valve. We found 5 cases with two right coronary ostium and 2 cases with two left coronary ostium. We found that in 38% of cases, the left coronary artery ends in three branches, such as anterior interventricular, circumflex and left marginal arteries, in rest of the cases, the left coronary artery ending by two branches like the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries in which case the marginal artery originate from circumflex artery and rarely from anterior interventricular artery, or both, in this last case the left marginal artery being double. We found only 8 cases in which the circumflex artery ends as posterior interventricular artery in rest of the cases being represented by the right coronary artery end. Circumflex artery ends by two branches quite often and rarely with three branches which can sometimes be long, down to near the apex of the heart. In 8% of cases, the circumflex artery was less developed and do not vascularize other than the left side of the posterior surface of the left ventricle, sometimes his terminal ramus being left marginal artery. The right coronary artery frequently ends on diaphragmatic surface of the heart either as a single branch in posterior interventricular groove, by bifurcation or even rarely by trifurcation, when one or two branches are located in the posterior interventricular groove. Sometimes the right coronary artery ends on the posterior surface of the left ventricle, where the posterior interventricular artery occurs as collateral branch of the right coronary artery, the right coronary artery extending their vascularization territory to the posterior surface of the left ventricle, right up to the apex of the heart, the right coronary dominance, the circumflex artery in this case ending on the lateral surface of the heart. The right coronary artery may end up on the posterior surface of the right ventricle in which case posterior interventricular artery is represented by the terminal portion of the circumflex artery. The right coronary artery rarely ended as the posterior interventricular artery can reach the apex of the heart. We have found that the dominant type of a coronary artery can be held not only in the number of collateral, but also by their caliber at their origin from the aorta. We encountered 7 cases in which there is a third coronary artery, in 5 cases the third coronary artery being an anterior right I called her middle coronary artery or right ventricular branch and anterior ventricular artery, and in two cases the third coronary artery represent the circumflex artery. In 6 cases of the 7 cases described the third coronary artery showed no atrial branches

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