ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FOUR CHARCOAL PRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS FROM MINAS GERAIS STATE

ABSTRACT This work analyzed the economic viability of four charcoal productive systems from Minas Gerais state, namely: fornos-fornalha, rabo-quente, encosta and superfície. The evaluated systems have an estimated productive capacity of about 100 cubic meters of charcoal per month. Implementation and maintenance expenses and productive parameters were obtained in the literature and from local producers of Lamim (MG), a productive center in the state, during the year of 2018. Silvicultural costs were not considered, only the wood purchase. For the economic evaluation, Net Present Value (NPV), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), Payback, capex and opex were analyzed, and it was also evaluated the systems’ economic sensitivity to charcoal price and gravimetric yield variations. The main results showed that all the systems were economically viable by NPV criteria; only rabo-quente system was not viable by MIRR criteria; fornos-fornalha system presented the best economic results, greater capacity of net revenues and free cash flow generation, and lower operational expenses. This productive system was also less sensitive to charcoal price fluctuations and to its charcoal yield reduction. Given this fact, its insertion may be attractive in the productive reality of small and medium producers. In addition, the possibility of selling charcoal fines resulted in improvements in economic indicators, especially for traditional production systems: rabo-quente and encosta.

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Economic viability of cerrado vegetation management under conditions of risk

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602011000200001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149

Author(s):

Simão Corrêa da Silva ◽

Antonio Donizette de Oliveira ◽

Luiz Moreira Coelho Junior ◽

José Luiz Pereira de Rezende

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Basal Area ◽

Planning Horizon ◽

Vegetation Management ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Wood Charcoal ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Additional Information

Cerrado vegetation is Brazil's second largest biome, comprising about 388 municipalities in Minas Gerais state alone and serving as an important source of natural resources. A large share of the wood charcoal produced in Minas Gerais is sourced from Cerrado vegetation. The objective of this work is to assess the economic viability of Cerrado vegetation management for wood charcoal production, under conditions of risk. The study site is a fragment of Cerrado subjected to five levels of intervention as to basal area removal. For risk analysis, the Monte Carlo method was applied, using charcoal price, interest rate and land value as input variables, and using Net Present Value as output variable over an infinite planning horizon. It was concluded that introducing risk in the economic analysis of the various Cerrado management regimes helped provide additional information to that obtained by deterministic analysis, improving understanding and ensuring safety in decision-making about the economic viability of such regimes. For all treatments, the probability of VPL being negative increases with increasing cutting cycle lengths. For all treatments, the optimal cutting cycle is ten years. Treatments where a larger volume of wood was removed proved less prone to risks of economic inviability since they secure more revenue than treatments where less wood was removed.

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VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO VEGETAL EM DOIS SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v44i1.32043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽

Thiago Taglialegna Salles ◽

Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽

Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽

Camila Soares Braga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Production Systems ◽

Planning Horizon ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Present Value ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Average Annual Production ◽

The Cost ◽

Benefit Cost

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de carvão vegetal em dois sistemas produtivos: oito fornos de superfície acoplados a uma fornalha para queima de gases e dez fornos do tipo “rabo-quente” sem sistema de queima de gases. Para análise econômica, definiu-se uma produção anual média igual a 1.571 metros cúbicos de carvão (mdc) e horizonte de planejamento de 12 anos, sendo propostos 2 cenários. No primeiro cenário, após a colheita da madeira, realiza-se o plantio de uma nova floresta, permanecendo o custo da madeira constante em todo o planejamento; no segundo cenário, após a colheita, considerou-se a condução da brotação, reduzindo os custos na 2ª rotação e consequentemente os custos da madeira. A análise econômica foi realizada através da determinação dos seguintes indicadores: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE), Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C) e Lucratividade. Os indicadores calculados demonstraram a viabilidade dos dois sistemas produtivos avaliados em ambos os cenários propostos, porém o sistema fornos-fornalha apresentou melhores valores para os indicadores. Conclui-se que a produção de carvão vegetal nos sistemas avaliados foram viáveis economicamente, com o sistema fornos-fornalha gerando maior lucro ao produtor de carvão.Palavras-chave: Fornos de alvenaria; análise determinística; valor presente líquido. Abstract Economic viability of charcoal production in two production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic viability of charcoal production in two conversion technologies: eight surface kilns coupled to a furnace for burning gases (kilns-furnace system) and ten "rabo-quente" or traditional charcoal kilns without burning gases system. An average annual production of 1571 cubic meters of charcoal (mdc) was used to perform the economic analysis. A planning horizon of 12 years and two scenarios were proposed. In the first scenario, after harvesting the wood, the planting of a new forest was performed, and the cost of wood remained constant throughout the planning horizon. In the second scenario, after the harvest, the conduction of shooting was considered, which reduced costs in the second rotation and consequently the cost of wood. The economic analysis was performed by determining the following indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) and Benefit - Cost Reason (B/C). Calculated indicators demonstrated the viability of producing charcoal in the two production systems in both scenarios proposed, but kilns-furnace system presented better values. As conclusion, production of charcoal in the evaluated systems were economically viable. Kilns-furnace system was able to generate more profit to charcoal producer.Keywords: Kilns; deterministic analysis; net present value.

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Economic viability of pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) Cultivation in Tomé-Açú Municipality, Pará State, Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i2.16949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 704

Author(s):

João Paulo Borges de Loureiro ◽

Olivia Masako Hanawa Lima ◽

Juliana De Sousa Farias ◽

Adriana Paiva Dos Praseres Pires ◽

Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Production Systems ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Cash Flows ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Cost Index ◽

Maintenance Costs ◽

Intensive Production ◽

Break Even Point

Pitaya (Hylorereus sp.) is a fruit from the botanical family Cactaceae, originally from Latin America. In Brazil, pitaya cultivation is promising due to the fruit’s reputation of being nutritious and having many uses. This study’s objective was to analyze the economic viability of two pitaya production systems in Tomé-Açu municipality, the largest producer of pitaya in the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. The data were obtained through interviews with two producers, along with field observations of their production systems, which are representative of the cultivation norms in Tomé-Açu. The data were used to estimate the planting and maintenance costs for 1 ha of land using different cultivation methods, identified as: 1) extensive production system and 2) intensive production system. The two systems’ cash flows were estimated over a 20-year period, then analyzed to estimate the net present value, internal rate of return, benefit-cost index, payback period, and break-even point. The intensive production system was found to have a higher implementation cost, due to its irrigation system, while the extensive production system was found to have lower investment and maintenance costs. The economic viability indicators show that both production systems are economically viable, with the extensive production system being more attractive, especially for family farmers who cannot invest in expensive irrigation infrastructure and chemical inputs. In conclusion, the investment in pitaya cultivation is economically viable and constitutes an alternative to agricultural cultivation in Pará state, which can contribute to fruit diversification.

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Ascaris suum in pigs of the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 375-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mariana Costa Fausto ◽

Isabela de Castro Oliveira ◽

Guilherme Costa Fausto ◽

Lorendane Millena de Carvalho ◽

Fabrício Luciani Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Ascaris Suum ◽

Herd Size ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Pig Production ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Inspection Service

Among the parasites that affect pigs, Ascaris suum stands out for causing the greatest losses to livestock production systems. This parasite can be monitored during the slaughter of animals through the identification of “milk spots” or white patches on the liver caused by its larval migration. However, infection in the herd is usually subclinical, which is why the presence of this parasite in industrial pig production has been overlooked. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of milk spots on the liver of animals slaughtered in the micro-region of Ponte Nova in the Zona da Mata - Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to associate these lesions with the time of year, herd size and source of origin of the animals. An evaluation was made of 1,069 lots, totaling 108,073 animals, based on data extracted from the Federal Inspection Service. The animals were slaughtered during the period of January 2011 to June 2013. Out of the total number of slaughtered animals, 10,535 (9.75%) tested positive for these lesions. Therefore, veterinarians and producers should be warned about the inefficiency of the deworming protocols that are used, and the need to develop and/or review control strategies for this parasite in production systems.

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THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WOOD AND CHARCOAL PRODUCTION BY Eucalyptus REFORESTATION IN NORTHWESTERN MINAS GERAIS

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882019000100010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Flávia Neves Mendes Castro ◽

Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽

Glauciana da Mata Ataíde ◽

Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos ◽

Lidiomar Soares da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Transport Distance ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Production Area

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze economically the production of wood and charcoal from a Eucalyptus plantation stratified in three classes of productivity in northwestern Minas Gerais. Were used data from not thinned Eucalyptus stands whose area was stratified in high, medium and low productivity, being described by the logistic model. The data were obtained and the economic evaluation of wood production and charcoal production was carried out. The economic evaluation was made by means of the indicators: Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) as a function of the prices of wood and charcoal, the yield of wood in charcoal and the transport distance of wood to the charcoal production unit. The economic viability of production of Eucalyptus wood and charcoal depends on the productive capacity of the forest stand. The viability of timber and charcoal production is sensitive to the variations in the prices of both, the yield of wood in charcoal and the transport distance from the production area to the processing unit.

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VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA ENERGIA FOTOVOLTAICA PARA IRRIGANTES NO NORTE DE MINAS E VALE DO JEQUITINHONHA

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2021v36n1p58-71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 58-71

Author(s):

Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽

Tarlei Aparecido Santos ◽

Thalles Loiola Dias ◽

Patrícia De Oliveira e Lucas ◽

Ronaldo Medeiros dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feasibility Studies ◽

Working Hours ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Photovoltaic Energy ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Weighted Values

VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA ENERGIA FOTOVOLTAICA PARA IRRIGANTES NO NORTE DE MINAS E VALE DO JEQUITINHONHA MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1, TARLEI APARECIDO SANTOS2, THALLES LOIOLA DIAS1, PATRÍCIA DE OLIVEIRA E LUCAS1, RONALDO MEDEIROS DOS SANTOS1, CAIO VINICIUS LEITE3 1 Instituto Federal de Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais – campus Salinas (IFNMG – campus Salinas), Fazenda Varginha, Rod. Salinas/Taiobeiras, Km 02, 39560-000, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Engenharia Cartográfica, Universidade Federal De Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. [email protected]. 3 Instituto Federal de Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia de Brasília – campus Planaltina (IFB - campus Planaltina), Rodovia DF – 128, km 21, Zona Rural, 73380-900, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil. [email protected] RESUMO: Embora careçam de estudos de viabilidade, soluções baseadas em energia fotovoltaica têm se tornado muito atrativas para irrigantes, principalmente devido às constantes elevações nos custos de eletricidade. Com isso, objetivou-se realizar um estudo sobre a viabilidade econômica do uso da energia fotovoltaica para irrigação nas regiões do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Norte de Minas Gerais. Para a realização do trabalho utilizou-se a base de dados disponibilizada pelo Atlas Brasileira de Energia Solar e como índice de viabilidade econômica da energia fotovoltaica, o custo nivelado de energia (LCOE). Os valores de LCOE foram comparados com valores ponderados da tarifa de energia elétrica, em R$ kWh do Grupo Tarifário B2 Rural em diferentes cenários com jornadas de trabalho (noturna e diurna). Observou-se que quanto maior a radiação solar disponível e quanto maior a potência do sistema fotovoltaico, maior a tendência de viabilidade do investimento, em virtude da redução do LCOE. O uso de energia fotovoltaica é viável, com exceção das menores potências no Vale do Jequitinhonha e microrregiões limítrofes com o Norte de Minas, quando comparada ao uso exclusivo diurno da irrigação. O uso majoritário da tarifa com desconto noturno é uma alternativa à energia fotovoltaica quando se trata de viabilidade econômica. Palavras - chave: irradiação solar, custo nivelado de energia, tarifa de energia elétrica. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY FOR FARMERS IN NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS STATE AND JEQUITINHONHA VALLEY ABSTRACT: Although there is a lack of feasibility studies, solutions based on photovoltaic energy have become attractive for farmers due to the constant increases in electricity costs. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate economic viability of photovoltaic energy for irrigation in the regions of Jequitinhonha Valley and the Northern Minas Gerais State. The database uses in this study came form the Brazilian Atlas of Solar Energy was used. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was used as an economic viability index for photovoltaic energy. The LCOE values were compared with the energy tariff weighted values, in R$ kWh, of the B2 Rural Tariff Group in different nights and day-working hours scenarios. It was observed that the greater the generation potential and the power of the photovoltaic system, the greater the trend of investment viability due to the LCOE reduction. The use of photovoltaic energy is feasible, except to lower powers in the Jequitinhonha Valley and Northern Minas Gerais State neighboring microregions, when compared to daytime irrigation. The mainly use of the nightly discounted energy tariff is an alternative to photovoltaic energy when it comes to economic viability. Keywords: Solar radiation, LCOE, Energy tariff

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OPTIMIZATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTIPRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM WOOD OF EUCALYPTUS STANDS UNDER DIFFERENT PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY CLASSES AND ROTATION AGES

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i2.63729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Laíssa De Araújo Viana ◽

Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽

Álvaro Nogueira de Souza ◽

Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares ◽

Maísa Santos Joaquim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Monte Carlo Method ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Individual Tree ◽

The Monte Carlo Method ◽

Rotation Age

The present study aimed to analyze the yield and economic viability of the destination, for lumber and energy, of the wood from non-thinned stands of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis under different productive capacity class and whose production was projected by individual tree growth model to different ages. The simulation of the growth of individual trees was performed by applying the height and diameter growth, and mortality sub-models for three productive capacity classes: high, medium and low. The Kozak model was adjusted to study the stem taper and, in addition, used to optimize patterns for sawing logs and to produce lumber. The economic viability of the projects was evaluated by Net Present Value, Equivalent Periodic Benefit and risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method. It was observed that in areas with less productive capacity the volume of wood destined for energy was greater than 80% and, in areas with greater productive capacity the volume of lumber was greater than 26%. Economic indicators showed that the lumber production was viable at any of the studied rotation age. The risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method did not indicate the possibility of the project being unfeasible under the conditions analyzed. The quantity of different types of products obtained and the wood yield depends on the productive capacity class and age of the stand. The destination of the wood for multiproducts is the most viable option, regardless of the productive capacity class.

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