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2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Antunes dos Anjos ◽  
José Divino Lopes Filho ◽  
Paula Martins Horta

ABSTRACT: The National School Feeding Program (in abbreviated Portuguese: PNAE) states that ≥30% of the amount transferred by the National Fund for Education Development (in abbreviated Portuguese: FNDE) to the executing entities should be used to purchase products made from Family Farming (FF). This study aimed to identify the municipal characteristics associated with the compliance of the municipalities of Minas Gerais (MG) to this target in 2017. For this, data on municipal purchases of FF for the PNAE were obtained from the FNDE’s website. Sociodemographic, economic, and agricultural characteristics of the municipalities were associated with compliance to the PNAE’s goal. Approximately half (55.07%) of the municipalities complied with the FF purchase target, wherein carrying out programs or actions to encourage organic agriculture (29.8% vs. 22.6%, p=0.018) were associated with a greater compliance to this target, presenting the official rural union registration (76.4% vs. 68.8%, p=0.026) and the Municipal Inspection Service: (35.6% vs. 29.1%, p=0.048). Overall, a low compliance to the goal was observed in MG municipalities, and associations between certain agricultural management characteristics and goal fulfillment were evidenced.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
Marguerite DeLiema ◽  
Lynn Langton

Abstract Mass marketing scams are some of the most common frauds in America, and include scams perpetrated through the mail. A growing body of research indicates that older adults face a greater risk of victimization due to age-related changes in cognitive functioning and social isolation, and may be more likely to fall victim repeatedly. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of repeat mass marketing fraud (revictimization) among older adults and patterns of victimization associated with age, scam type, seasonality, and geography. We use two decades of non-public administrative data from the United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS). These databases were seized during law enforcement investigations of mass mailing scam organizations and contain more than 2 million unique U.S. victims and their transactions with four different fraud organizations. Victims were matched across datasets using name, address, and a change of address file. We find that revictimization rates increase with age in psychic scams. The 10,000 victims who responded the most times (between 82 and 562 times) were 78 years old on average and suffered $4,700 in total losses per person. Other significant trends emerged for lottery and sweepstakes scams. Unlike prior fraud victimization studies, inferences on victim characteristics are based on actual victim experiences with fraud rather than hypothetical scenarios or surveys where victims must self-report fraud. Findings provide valuable policy-relevant information regarding older victims and the patterns of chronic victimization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Melânia Meneses Lima ◽  
Siluana Benvindo Ferreira ◽  
Ítalo Reneu Rosas de Albuquerque ◽  
Carlos Kaiser Ferreira de Meneses ◽  
Lauro César Soares Feitosa ◽  
...  

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Rodrigues de Rosa ◽  
Alessandra Almeida da Silva ◽  
Wander Miguel de Barros ◽  
Anaqueli Lucia Pedroso ◽  
Maria Fernanda Evelin Ferreira ◽  
...  

This study aimed to evaluate the freshness and physicochemical characterization of pirarucu blankets at different ages bred in captivity in excavated tanks in northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in different seasons (rain and dry seasons). Four harvests were performed in two different tanks and five specimens obtained in each evaluated period, with animals aged 18 and 24 months, respectively, at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were slaughtered in a local establishment that had an inspection service following humane standards, and the blankets were later sent to analysis. The samples were analyzed for freshness via total volatile nitrogenous bases and physicochemical characteristics (pH in 24 h, water activity, water retention capacity, dripping loss, cooking loss, and shear force). There was a statistical difference for total nitrogenous volatile bases and shear force with higher values in the rainy season (24 month-of-old animals). Additionally, pH and water activity differed statistically at 24 h in the same period, albeit for 18-month-of-old animals. It was possible to conclude that climate variation affected the freshness and physicochemical characteristics of the pirarucu blankets while age did not.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-181

The USDA is amending the domestic quarantine records for pale cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) by adding procedures that allow persons to review and comment on the protocols available online. It is taking these actions in response to a court order requiring the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to provide a means for public input on the protocols that are used to deregulate fields for pale cyst nematode and to make the protocols publicly available. The changes make the protocols accessible to all and give individuals the opportunity to comment on them. It became effective 28 January 2021. (For further information contact Ms Lynn EvansGoldner, National Policy Manager Office of the Deputy Administrator, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road, Unit 137, Riverdale, MD, 20737; [email protected]) The pale cyst nematode (PCN, Globodera pallida) is a major pest of potato crops in cool-temperature areas throughout the world, causing significant yield losses if left uncontrolled. Other hosts of this destructive pest include tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and some weeds. The spread of PCN in the United States could result in a significant loss of domestic and foreign markets for U.S. potatoes and other host commodities. Section 414 of the Plant Protection Act (PPA, 7 U.S.C.


2021 ◽  
pp. PHP-10-20-0089-
Author(s):  
Emma Perez ◽  
Madhurababu Kunta ◽  
Veronica Ancona ◽  
John V. da Graça ◽  
Caleb Ayin ◽  
...  

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (syn. X. axonopodis pv. citri) was first reported in South Texas during the early 1900s, prompting quarantine and eradication programs by the federal government. Its last reported incidence in Texas was from two trees from Corpus Christi in 1943. In May 2016, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) confirmed the presence of the Asiatic A strain, which is by far the most widespread and severe form infecting most citrus varieties, on two sour orange trees in a park in Houston. Subsequently, infected trees were detected in a nursery in Richmond (Fort Bend Co.) in August 2016 and in dooryard trees in Pearland (Brazoria Co.) in 2018. PPQ and Texas Department of Agriculture collected a combined 1,949 positive A strain samples from Harris, Fort Bend, and Brazoria Counties during May 2016 to January 2021. These findings resulted in seven active citrus canker quarantine zones being established in the Upper Golf Coast area. The Texas Department of Agriculture is removing positive trees, and surveys are continuing.


Author(s):  
Aaron Beczkiewicz ◽  
Barbara B. Kowalcyk

Salmonella is a common cause of foodborne illness in the U.S. and often is attributed to chicken products. Previous studies have associated Salmonella contamination with meat processing facility characteristics such as the number of establishment employees (i.e., HACCP size). An evaluation of risk factors for Salmonella contamination in U.S. poultry has not been performed since implementation of the New Poultry Inspection System (NPIS) in 2014. The goal of this study was to determine if risk factors for Salmonella contamination changed following implementation of NPIS. Presence/absence of Salmonella in whole chicken carcasses was modeled using microbiological testing data collected from 203 poultry processing establishments by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) between May 2015 and December 2019. A model was fit using generalized estimating equations for weekly presence/absence of Salmonella with production volume, geographic location, and season included as potential covariates, among other establishment demographics. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the marginal model. Of the 40,497 analyzable samples, 1,725 (4.26%) were positive for Salmonella. Odds of contamination was lower among establishments slaughtering ≥ 10,000,000 birds per year (OR = 0.466; 95% CI: [0.307,0.710]) and establishments producing ready-to-eat (RTE) finished products (OR = 0.498; 95% CI: [0.298,0.833]) while higher among establishments historically (previous 84-days) noncompliant with HACCP (OR = 1.249; 95% CI: [1.071,1.456]). Contamination also significantly varied by season and geographic region, with higher odds of contamination during summer and outside the Mid-East Central region. These results support continuation of targeted food safety policies and initiatives promoting pathogen reduction by smaller-volume establishments and those noncompliant with HACCP regulations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Naxin Hou ◽  
Reuven Rasooly ◽  
Yongqiang Gu ◽  
Xiaohua He

The prevalence of mcr-positive bacteria in 5,169 domestic animal-derived samples collected by USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service between October 2018 and May 2019 was investigated. A procedure including enriched broth culture and real-time PCR targeting mcr-1 to mcr-8 were used for the screening. Fifteen positive isolates were identified, including one plasmid-borne mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strain, EC2492 (reported elsewhere) and 14 mcr-3/7-positive strains from poultry (1), catfish (2), and chicken rinse (11) samples, resulting in an overall prevalence of mcr-positive bacteria 0.29% in all meat samples tested. Analysis of 16S rRNA and whole genome sequences revealed that all 14 strains belonged to Aeromonas. Data from phylogenetic analysis of seven housekeeping genes, including gyrB, rpoD, gyrA, recA, dnaJ, dnaX, and atpD, indicated that nine strains belonged to Aeromonas hydrophila and five strains belonged to Aeromonas jandaei. Antimicrobial tests showed that almost all mcr-positive strains exhibited high resistance to colistin with MICs ≥ 128mg/L, except for one A. jandaei strain, which showed a borderline resistance with a MIC of 2 mg/L. A segment containing two adjacent mcr-3 and mcr-3-like genes was found in two A. hydrophila and one A. jandaei strains and a variety of IS-like elements were found in the flanking regions of this segment. A mcr-3-related lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase gene was present in all 14 Aeromonas strains, while an additional mcr-7-related lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase gene was found in 5 A. jandaei strains only. In addition to mcr genes, other antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaOXA–12/OXA–724, aqu-2, tru-1, cepS, cphA, imiH, ceph-A3, ant(3″)-IIa, aac(3)-Via, and sul1 were observed in chromosomes of some Aeromonas strains. The relative high prevalence of chromosome-borne mcr-3/7 genes and the close proximity of various IS elements to these genes highlights the need for continued vigilance to reduce the mobility of these colistin-resistance genes among food animals.


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