scholarly journals AÇÃO “IN VITRO” DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS SOBRE COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM, ALTERNARIA SOLANI E SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649
Author(s):  
R.J. Domingues ◽  
J.D.F. de Souza ◽  
J.G. Töfoli ◽  
D.R. Matheus
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana

RESUMO A utilização de fungicidas é, em muitos casos, a única medida eficiente e viável de controlar doenças e garantir a sustentabilidade da atividade agrícola. Por outro lado, é também uma tecnologia que traz impactos negativos ao ambiente e à saúde pública. Os fungos Alternaria solani e Colletotrichum acutatumcausam graves prejuízos às culturas de tomate e morango, respectivamente. Sclerotium rolfsii é considerado como patógeno polífago, capaz de provocar danos severos a diversas espécies agrícolas de importância econômica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação de extratos etanólicos e hexânicos de oito espécies vegetais sobre: a) inibição de crescimento micelial desses fitopatógenos, b) inibição da germinação de conídios (A. solani e C. acutatum) e c) inibição da germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsii. Os extratos hexânicos de Ruta graveolens, Allamanda cathartica, Impatiens walleriana, Allium sativum e Lavandula augustifolia foram os que proporcionaram os menores valores de crescimento micelial dos três patógenos. O extrato hexânico de A. sativum foi o único a inibir totalmente a germinação de conídios de A. solani. Os extratos hexânicos de I. walleriana, A. sativum e L. augustifolia foram os únicos em que se verificou ausência total de germinação de conídios de C. acutatum. Os extratos hexânicos de R. graveolens e de I. walleriana inibiram totalmente a germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsii.

scholarly journals Efeito de extratos de plantas medicinais no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da flor preta do morangueiro

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taís Ferreira Almeida ◽  
Margarete Camargo ◽  
Rita de Cássia Panizzi
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium

A flor preta do morangueiro, causada por Colletotrichum acutatum, acarreta sérios problemas à cultura. Com o objetivo de verificar a utilização de extratos vegetais no controle da doença, testes "in vitro" foram realizados com 11 extratos vegetais hidroalcoólicos produzidos de plantas utilizadas na medicina popular. Os extratos foram preparados a partir de diferentes partes da planta, de acordo com a espécie, utilizando água e álcool no processo de extração por maceração. Foi verificada a influência dos extratos no crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação de esporos de C. acutatum, e também no controle do patógeno em folhas e frutos destacados. De acordo com a metodologia utilizada, os extratos vegetais que apresentaram maior eficiência foram os de folha e ramos de Ruta graveolens, Artemisia absinthium e bulbos de Allium sativum, indicando ter essas plantas potencial fungitóxico para o controle de C. acutatum.

scholarly journals Potencial antifúngico de extratos de plantas e de basidiomicetos nativos sobre Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria solani e Sclerotium rolfsii

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
Ricardo José Domingues ◽  
Maria Cláudia Marx Young ◽  
Jesus Guerino Töfoli ◽  
Dácio Roberto Matheus
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Senna Spectabilis ◽  
Senna Multijuga ◽  
Avicennia Schaueriana

O emprego de fungicidas na agricultura, principalmente quando utilizados de forma inadequada, tem provocado danos tanto ao homem como ao ambiente. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo in vitro da eficácia de extratos de três plantas e de dois basidiomicetos nativos do Brasil no controle dos fungos Alternaria solani e Colletotrichum acutatum, causadores de graves prejuízos às culturas de tomate e morango, respectivamente, além de Sclerotium rolfsii, considerado como patógeno polífago. No trabalho foram avaliados: a) a inibição de crescimento micelial dos três fitopatógenos, b) inibição da germinação de conídios de A. solani e C. acutatum e c) inibição da germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsii. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o extrato de Oudemansiella canarii, que proporcionou os menores valores de crescimento micelial dos três patógenos, além inibir totalmente a germinação de conídios de A. solani e C. acutatum e de escleródios de S. rolfsii. O extrato de Irpex lacteus inibiu parcialmente o crescimento micelial dos patógenos estudados e o extrato de Avicennia schaueriana promoveu apenas 16 % de inibição do crescimento micelial de S. rolfsii. Nenhum efeito sobre os patógenos foi verificado com os extratos de Senna spectabilis e Senna multijuga nas condições em que foram realizados os experimentos.

scholarly journals Effect of aerated and non-aerated compost tea against some fungal phytopathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinita Islam ◽  
Sabiha Sultana ◽  
Md. Rejaul Islam ◽  
Chhoa Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Pathogenic Activity ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Suppressive effect of aerated and non-aerated compost tea against different fungal phytopathogens, namely Alternaria solani, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum, Pestalotia palmarum and Sclerotium rolfsii was evaluated in Plant Protection Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh during 2016. Commercial compost, “Rastic Joibo Shar” was used to prepare aerated and non-aerated compost teas at 20% and 25% concentrations. All the treatments significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of tested five fungal phytopathogens. Among the five pathogens 25% concentration of non-aerated compost tea gave highest mycelial growth inhibition (76%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. Colony characteristics of five phytopathogens were significantly varied in all aspect by treating aerated and non-aerated compost teas at different concentrations. Finally it may be concluded that both aerated and non-aerated compost teas have suppressing  effect on radial mycelial growth Thus compost tea may be used as alternatives to inorganic fertilizers/fungicides to suppress the pathogenic activity of the soil borne fungal phytopathogens. Thus based on the efficacy of in-vitro experiments, efficacy in field condition can be assessed against different diseases. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 142–147, June 2019

scholarly journals Control of Early Blight of Tomato Caused by Alternaria Solani and Screening of Tomato Varieties against the Pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chapol K. Roy ◽  
Nafiza Akter ◽  
Mohammad K.I. Sarkar ◽  
Moyen Uddin Pk ◽  
Nadira Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Dual Culture

Introduction:Early blight is a common disease of tomato, which is caused byAlternaria solani.Objectives:This work was accompanied to find an alternative to chemical fungicides and to screen tomato varieties againstAlternaria solani.Methods:The infected leaves were collected from five tomato fields of Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and were cultured for the identification of the infectious fungus and The phytobiocidal role of six plants againstAlternaria solaniwas evaluatedin vitromodel.Results & Discussion:Alternaria solaniwas identified as the infectious fungus. The growth of the test fungiTrichodermaspp.viz.,Trichoderma viride,T. harzianumcollected form NAMDEC andTrichodermasp collected from field of BCSIR was monitored as optimum PH. All the selectedTrichodermaspp. were antagonistic toA. solani.Antagonistic capacity of theTrichodermaspp. was tested by dual culture, volatile as well as non-volatile method. It was observed,T. viridewas most effective in the reduction process ofA. solaniandT. harzianum.T.viridealso showed highest inhibition in volatile and non-volatile trials. Six plant extractsviz.,Adhatoda vasica(Nees),Azadirachta indica(A Juss).Ocimujm sanctum(L),Allium sativum(L),Datura metal(Linn) andZingiber officinale(Rose) were selected to evaluate theirin vitroefficacy of 5%, 10% and 20% concentration against theA. solani.Allium sativumwas the most effective one againstA. solani, followed byAzadirachta indica. The efficacy of five fungicidesviz., Bavistin 50WP, Mancozeb 80WP, Indofil M-45, Sulcox 50WP and Tall 25EC were evaluated for their fungitoxicity against theA. solaniat 100, 200,100, 600 and 800 ppm. Tall 25EC was the most effective fungicide againstAlternaria solanifollowed by Mancozeb 80WP. After screening the five tomato varieties againstA. solani, it was revealed that BARI Tomato-9 had the highest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI) and the leaf of BARI Tomato-7 had the lowest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI).Conclusion:The extract ofAllium sativumwas effective to controlAlternaria solaniat prescribed concentration. The highest PDI was found in BARI tomato-9 againstAlternaria solani.

scholarly journals In Vitro Control Of Five Pathogenic Fungi Isolated From Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Shaila Sharmin ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum

Efficacy of five plant extracts namely, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Tagetes patula and Zingiber officinale was evaluated against five pathogenic species of fungi isolated from groundnut in vitro. These were Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium semitectum. Colony growth of C. dematium was completely checked with Allium sativum at all the concentrations used (5, 10 and 20 %). Similarly A. cepa, A. sativum and A. indica completely inhibited the colony growth of C. orbiculare at the same concentrations used. T. patula and Z. officinale also showed appreciable inhibition in colony growth of five species of fungi at 10 and 20% concentrations. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(1): 27-33, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v39i1.16030

scholarly journals Potenciais alternativas com extratos vegetais no controle da pinta preta do tomateiro

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Edvan Nilson de Almeida ◽  
Gabriela Silva Moura ◽  
Gilmar Franzener
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Santa Cruz

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o potencial antifúngico de três espécies de plantas medicinais: Zingiber officinale (gengibre), Allium sativum L. (alho) e Caryophyllus aromaticus L. (cravo-da-índia) in vitro e in vivo, para o controle do patógeno Alternaria solani, agente causal da pinta preta. Avaliou-se in vitro o crescimento micelial, germinação de esporos e o tamanho de tubos germinativos de A. solani nas concentrações de 1,0, 5,0, 10, 15 e 20%. Para a avaliação in vivo sementes de tomateiro cv. Santa Cruz Kada foram semeadas em bandejas de isopor de 200 células contendo substrato comercial. Após 30 dias as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos de 5 L contendo solo e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos para o ensaio em in vivo foram extrato aquoso de gengibre, alho e cravo-da-índia na concentração de 20%. As aplicações foram iniciadas após 47 dias do transplante das mudas para casa de vegetação, sendo realizada uma vez por semana até o momento da colheita. Foram realizadas avaliações da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), número médio e peso de frutos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os extratos de cravo-da-índia, alho e gengibre apresentaram efeito inibidor direto sobre o fungo e reduziram a AACPD em 55,8, 29,5 e 22,5% em relação à testemunha água, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam potencial dos extratos vegetais avaliados no controle da pinta preta do tomateiro, com destaque para o extrato de cravo-da-índia.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antifungal Activity of Some Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts against Alternaria solani (Tomato Early Blight Pathogen) in Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Tadelo ◽  
Tamirat Wato ◽  
Tilahun Negash
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Background: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. In Ethiopia, control of early blight is largely dependent on fungicidal application. There is a research need to identify effective botanical extracts to control Alternaria solani that cause early blight of tomato and for evaluation of plant extracts through different solvents on the target pathogen. Methods: In vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of crude extracts of 16 selected medicinal plants against Alternaria solani. Thus, crude extracts were extracted from medicinal plants with different solvents (methanol, ethanol and petroleum at (25%, 50% and 100%) concentrations. The Alternaria solani was isolated from infected tomato leaves showing early blight symptoms. Evaluation of plant extracts was carried out against Alternaria solani using food poisoned technique on PDA. Result: Results showed that most of the methanolic extract plants were showed significant inhibition of the mycelial growth as compared to ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts. A higher rate of mycelial reduction was recorded by ethanol extracts of Allium sativum at all concentrations (100%) followed by methanol extracts of Allium sativum at 25%, 50%, 100% concentration (90.02%, 97.01%, 100% respectively). The effectiveness of extracts against Alternaria solani depends on use at the higher concentrations and various solvents. For crude extracts that have shown higher inhibitory effects against Alternaria solani in vitro conditions, actual chemical compounds should be identified. Furthermore, it is also important to evaluate these plants on other microbes, study to test in vivo and to assess their real potential field condition wherever early blight is an important disease of tomato.

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Plant Extracts on Collar Rot Disease (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Munmi Borah ◽  
◽  
Sukanya Gogoi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rot Disease

Among different production constraints in soybean cultivation, the most serious being is diseases. In Assam and other North Eastern states, collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. has been found to be a major disease causing plant death and low productivity as rainfall has played a significant role in the establishment of progression of collar rot in soybean. Therefore, the study was undertaken to evaluate the bioefficacy of some commonly available plant extracts against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The aqueous plant extracts of commonly available six plant species were evaluated in vitro by poisoned food technique against their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Allium sativum was found to be most effective with growth inhibition of 89.77% followed by Chromolaena odorata (86.00%), Allamanda cathertica (83.66%), Laurus nobilis (72.11%), Ageratum conyzoides (54.88%) and Aegle marmelos (50.66%).

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