scholarly journals Effect of aerated and non-aerated compost tea against some fungal phytopathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinita Islam ◽  
Sabiha Sultana ◽  
Md. Rejaul Islam ◽  
Chhoa Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Pathogenic Activity ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Suppressive effect of aerated and non-aerated compost tea against different fungal phytopathogens, namely Alternaria solani, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum, Pestalotia palmarum and Sclerotium rolfsii was evaluated in Plant Protection Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh during 2016. Commercial compost, “Rastic Joibo Shar” was used to prepare aerated and non-aerated compost teas at 20% and 25% concentrations. All the treatments significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of tested five fungal phytopathogens. Among the five pathogens 25% concentration of non-aerated compost tea gave highest mycelial growth inhibition (76%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. Colony characteristics of five phytopathogens were significantly varied in all aspect by treating aerated and non-aerated compost teas at different concentrations. Finally it may be concluded that both aerated and non-aerated compost teas have suppressing  effect on radial mycelial growth Thus compost tea may be used as alternatives to inorganic fertilizers/fungicides to suppress the pathogenic activity of the soil borne fungal phytopathogens. Thus based on the efficacy of in-vitro experiments, efficacy in field condition can be assessed against different diseases. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 142–147, June 2019

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth of Rhizoctonia Solani

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Castor Cake

Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth ofRhizoctonia SolaniA shift towards organic farming suggests amalgamation of organic resources against soil borne plant pathogens. The influence of metabolites of most ubiquitousAspergillusspp., organic amendment extracts and their combined effect withTrichoderma virenswere evaluatedin vitroagainstRhizoctonia solani.The minimum (36.1 mm) growth was attained byR. solaniin co-culture withA. niger.The maximum (42.3 mm) inhibition of mycelial growth of the test organism was observed with culture filtrate ofA. ochraceousfollowed byA. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavusandA. terreus.Among organic amendment extractants, castor cake exhibited an additive effect on the growth ofT. virens, however, the maximum (41.8 mm) suppressive effect onR. solaniwas observed with vermicompost. With the advance in time, the effect of organic amendment extracts increased markedly. Inhibition potential of culture filtrate mixturte ofA. niger+T. virensandA. ochraceous+T. virensagainstR. solaniwas significantly higher in comparison to the other combinations.

scholarly journals Effects of SHAM on the Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea to QoI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Liang ◽  
Jinli Li ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
The Ideal

It is a common practice to add salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) into artificial medium in the in vitro sensitivity assay of fungal phytopathogens to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. The rationale for adding SHAM is to inhibit fungal alternative oxidase, which is presumed to be inhibited by secondary metabolites of plants. Therefore, the ideal characteristics of SHAM should be almost nontoxic to phytopathogens and have no significant effect on control efficacy of fungicides. However, this study showed that the average effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth values of SHAM were 97.5 and 401.4 μg/ml for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. EC50 values of the three QoI fungicides azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin in the presence of SHAM at 20 and 80 μg/ml for S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, respectively, declined by 52.7 to 78.1% compared with those without SHAM. For the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone, the average EC50 values in the presence of SHAM declined by 18.2% (P = 0.008) for S. sclerotiorum and 35.9% (P = 0.012) for B. cinerea. Pot experiments showed that SHAM increased control efficacy of the three QoI fungicides against the two pathogens by 43 to 83%. For dimethachlone, SHAM increased control efficacy by 134% for S. sclerotiorum and 86% for B. cinerea. Biochemical studies showed that SHAM significantly inhibited peroxidase activity (P = 0.024) of B. cinerea and esterase activity (P = 0.015) of S. sclerotiorum. The strong inhibitions of SHAM per se on mycelial growth of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum and significant influences on the sensitivity of the two pathogens to both the QoI fungicides and dimethachlone as well as inhibitions on peroxidase and esterase indicate that SHAM should not be added in the in vitro assay of sensitivity to the QoI fungicides.

Evaluation of Ammonium Bicarbonate for Control of Soilborne Peanut Pathogens

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
P. M. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight

Abstract Ammonium bicarbonate was evaluated for efficacy against southern stem rot and Sclerotinia blight of peanut in Georgia and Virginia, respectively. In vitro studies indicated the material provided little inhibition of mycelial growth by Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotium rolfsii, and negligible inhibition of mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. However, ammonium bicarbonate did effectively inhibit formation of sclerotia by S. rolfsii in vitro. In the field, it was phytotoxic when applied as a granule or as a foliar spray and in general was not effective in controlling disease or increasing pod yield.

scholarly journals In Vitro Suppressive Effect of Agriculture Residues and Municipal Solid Wastes Compost Tea on some Phytopathogenic Fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehan, Elsaiid ◽  
Samia Abou zekry ◽  
Ehab, Sarhan ◽  
Mehreshan El-Mokadem ◽  
Abdel- Wahab, F.
Keyword(s):  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Agriculture Residues

scholarly journals In vitro Inhibition of Soilborn Phytopathogens Treated With Swine Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Danielle Dutra Martinha ◽  
Cleonice Lubian ◽  
Cintia Koech ◽  
Roberto Luis Portz ◽  
Vivian Carré Missio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Swine wastewater (SWW) is a residue from pig farming that presents a high load of nutrients and organic matter. The appliance of organic matter in soil alters the microbial dynamic and may suppress soilborn phytopathogens. This study aimed at evaluating the inhibition on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro under SWW doses. Hereupon, three kilograms of a soil classified as red dystroferric latosol was collected and sieved. Half of it was autoclaved. SWW was incorporated at doses of 0 mL, 2.5 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL and 20 mL in both soil conditions, autoclaved and not autoclaved. Afterwards, 130 grams of each soil was separately put into Petri plates above what a thin layer (≅ 5 mL) of Water-Agar (2%) medium was carefully spread over. Above this agar layer, one disk (6 mm diameter) of pure mycelium from each fungal grown in Potato Dextrose Agar medium was individually placed on the center of each plate. Daily evaluations on mycelial growth measuring were taken and ended when mycelium in control plates (without SWW addition) reached plate borders. Results indicated that in autoclaved soil condition, the inhibition was proportional to the dose, what is to say that the higher the dose the less the mycelial growth. In not autoclaved soil there was no significant difference among treatments, suggesting stimuli on suppression effect for both pathogens caused by SWW. In addition, the confirmed potential of SWW as a suppressor of S. sclerotiorum and S. rolfsii leads to promising investigations on other phytopathogens hard to control.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity against Alternaria solani and control of early blight in tomato by essential oil of bergamot orange

2020 ◽  
pp. 1861-1874
Author(s):  
Camila Hendges ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Márcia de Holanda Nozaki ◽  
Eloisa Lorenzetti ◽  
Odair José Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Progress Curve

The early blight (caused by the fungus Alternaria solani) results in significant damage to the tomato crop, directly affecting productivity. An alternative to the frequent use of pesticides is the use of essential oils, which can act in defense against phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic activity in vitro of the bergamot orange (Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia) essential oil against A. solani, the control of the early blight, and the activity of defense enzymes in tomatoes treated with this oil and inoculated with A. solani. Mycelial discs of A. solani were added to dishes with V8 culture media to which essential oil at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 µL L-1, in addition to a standard fungicide treatment (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, 200 + 125 g L-1, respectively) was added. The Petri dishes were incubated at 25 °C in the dark. Mycelial growth was evaluated daily for 19 days, when all treatments reached maximum growth. Sporulation analysis was performed thereafter. Tomato plants were treated with bergamot essential oil, 30 days after transplanting, in the concentrations and fungicide mentioned, in the second pair of leaves. After 72 hours, the pathogen was inoculated using a spray bottle, on treated leaves (second pair of leaves) and untreated leaves (third pair of leaves). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated based on five severity assessments. The activity of peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was evaluated in leaves treated with the concentration of 2500 µL L-1 of essential oil. The concentration of 2500 ?L L-1 reduced mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen by 68.15% and 29.48%, respectively. In treatments with application of essential oil, lower AUDPC was observed for a concentration of 2500 ?L L-1, which was statistically similar to that observed for fungicide application, both in treated and untreated leaves. A greater activity of PPO, POX, and PAL was found locally and systemically, both in the second and third leaves, at concentration of 2500 ?L L-1. The essential oil of bergamot can be an alternative for the control of early blight in tomato.

scholarly journals AÇÃO “IN VITRO” DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS SOBRE COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM, ALTERNARIA SOLANI E SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649
Author(s):  
R.J. Domingues ◽  
J.D.F. de Souza ◽  
J.G. Töfoli ◽  
D.R. Matheus
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana

RESUMO A utilização de fungicidas é, em muitos casos, a única medida eficiente e viável de controlar doenças e garantir a sustentabilidade da atividade agrícola. Por outro lado, é também uma tecnologia que traz impactos negativos ao ambiente e à saúde pública. Os fungos Alternaria solani e Colletotrichum acutatumcausam graves prejuízos às culturas de tomate e morango, respectivamente. Sclerotium rolfsii é considerado como patógeno polífago, capaz de provocar danos severos a diversas espécies agrícolas de importância econômica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação de extratos etanólicos e hexânicos de oito espécies vegetais sobre: a) inibição de crescimento micelial desses fitopatógenos, b) inibição da germinação de conídios (A. solani e C. acutatum) e c) inibição da germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsii. Os extratos hexânicos de Ruta graveolens, Allamanda cathartica, Impatiens walleriana, Allium sativum e Lavandula augustifolia foram os que proporcionaram os menores valores de crescimento micelial dos três patógenos. O extrato hexânico de A. sativum foi o único a inibir totalmente a germinação de conídios de A. solani. Os extratos hexânicos de I. walleriana, A. sativum e L. augustifolia foram os únicos em que se verificou ausência total de germinação de conídios de C. acutatum. Os extratos hexânicos de R. graveolens e de I. walleriana inibiram totalmente a germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsii.

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