scholarly journals INDUCTION OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN TOMATO PLANTS BY SAPROBIC FUNGI FILTRATES AGAINST EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678
Author(s):  
MARIANNA SANTOS RODRIGUES ALENCAR ◽  
ANTÔNIO JUSSIÊ DA SILVA SOLINO ◽  
JULIANA SANTOS BATISTA OLIVEIRA ◽  
SÉRGIO FLORENTINO PASCHOLATI ◽  
KÁTIA REGINA FREITAS SCHWAN-ESTRADA
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lipoxygenase Activity ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Blight Disease

ABSTRACT Tomato plants can be attacked by several diseases. The early blight disease causes large losses to tomato growers and requires many applications of fungicide for its control. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of saprobic fungi filtrates on the control of early blight (Alternaria solani) in tomato plants. The treatments consisted of fungi filtrates (Stachylidium bicolor - SBI; Periconia hispidula - PHI; Brachysporiella pulchra - BPU; Myrothecium leucotrichum - MLE; and Pycnoporus sanguineus - PSA) diluted at 20%, a control (water), and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). Tomato plants with five leaves were treated with the filtrates, and A. solani was inoculated after three days. The variables analyzed were: area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and specific activity of the enzymes: catalase, lipoxygenase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The SBI filtrate decreased the AUDPC in 80% for the third leaf and 96% for the fourth leaf. Catalase activity increased due to the application of BPU and PHI filtrates, at 96 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Lipoxygenase activity increased in 130%, 72%, 130%, and 81% at 24 hpi when applying the SBI, PHI, MLE, and ASM filtrates, respectively. The application of SBI, BPU, MLE, and PSA filtrates increased lipoxygenase activity in 30%, 26%, 12%, and 22%, respectively, at 120 hpi. Peroxidase activity increased 74% at 120 hpi, when applying the SBI filtrate. Polyphenol oxidase activity was not affected by the treatments. S. bicolor filtrate is efficient to control the severity of the early blight disease in tomato plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of various plant extracts against the early blight disease of tomato plants under greenhouse and field conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.A. Nashwa ◽  
K.A.M. Abo-Elyousr
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Blight Disease

The antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus), Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed), Nerium oleander (Oleander), and Allium sativum (Garlic) was tested for controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively), while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration. The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively). D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control. All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Commercial Adjuvants on Vegetable Crop Fungicide Coverage, Absorption, and Efficacy

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Gent ◽  
Howard F. Schwartz ◽  
Scott J. Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
Field Plots

The addition of an appropriate adjuvant with foliar fungicide can significantly improve coverage, absorption, and efficacy. Laboratory and field studies evaluated coverage, absorption, and efficacy of commercial adjuvants with diverse chemistries on multiple host-pathogen systems. Organosilicone-based adjuvants improved coverage by 26 to 38% compared with a latex spreader-sticker and water. Significant crop by coverage interaction effects were also detected. The organosilicone/methylated seed oil-based adjuvant, Aero Dyne-Amic, significantly improved total [14C]azoxystrobin absorption on onion and potato by 30 and 21%, respectively, compared with water. The spreader-sticker, Bond, improved [14C]azoxystrobin absorption on onion and dry bean by 41 and 39%, respectively, compared with water. In experimental field plots, dry bean rust incidence was reduced by 52% when Kinetic or Latron AG-98 was added to maneb compared with maneb alone. The area under the potato early blight disease progress curve was reduced 29, 24, or 21% when Kinetic, Bond, or Latron AG-98 was added to maneb, respectively, compared with maneb applications alone.

Antagonistic Potential of Macrolepiota sp. Against Alternaria Solani as Causal Agent of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús S. Hernández-Ochoa ◽  
Laura N. Levin ◽  
Carlos E. Hernández-Luna ◽  
Juan Francisco Contreras-Cordero ◽  
Guillermo Niño-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Blight Disease

scholarly journals Curvularia Lunata as New Causal Pathogen of Tomato Early Blight Disease in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba-Alla S. AbdElatah ◽  
Nashwa M.A. Sallam ◽  
Mohamed S. Mohamed ◽  
Hadeel M. M. Khalil Bagy
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Blight Disease

Abstract Tomato plants displaying early blight symptoms were collected from different localities in the provinces of Assiut and Sohag, Egypt. The causal pathogens were isolated on potato dextrose agar plates. Pathogenicity tests with 48 isolates were carried out under greenhouse conditions on tomato cultivar (CV 844). All tested isolates caused symptoms of early blight disease with different degrees. The highest disease severity on tomato plants was found after inoculation with isolate No. 6 followed by isolates No. 20 and No. 31. The most pathogenic isolates were identified by sequence analysis using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The analysis of the amplified sequences from fungal isolates No. 6, 20 and 31 displayed 99 - 100% nucleotide identity with Alternaria solani, Curvularia lunata and A. alternata, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Curvularia lunata as one of the causal pathogens of early blight disease of tomato plants in Egypt.

scholarly journals Efficacy of some conventional fungicides and essential oils against tomato early blight disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 094-104
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Abdel–Aty ◽  
Elsayed A.M. Abdallah ◽  
Ezzat A. kaduos ◽  
Mohamed R. A. Gad
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Garlic Mustard ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bitter Almond ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Main Components

Fungicidal activity of nine selected conventional fungicides, identified five plant oils and their combined effect against A. solani, the causal pathogen of early blight on tomato. GC-MS analysis of the tested oils indicated that terpene hydrocarbons (97%) with cinnamaldehyde as the major compound; sulfur compounds; fatty acids and organo-sulfur-containing compounds were the main components in cinnamon, garlic, mustard and onion oils, respectively. In vitro, Speedcide® (difenoconazole) and Cabrioduo® (Dimethomorph + Pyraclostrobin) were the most effective against the A. solani fungus with EC50 values of 94.6 and 88.6 ppm respectively. Toledo® (Tebuconzole) achieved EC50 value of 631.2 ppm. Roxyl-M® was significantly more effective than Roxyl–plus® or Remik®. Speedcide® alone or mixed with mandipropamid or azoxystrobin in Revus-Top® or Cruze® were the lowest effective in vitro. Garlic and mustard oils were more effective in liquid media than solid one. Cinnamon, onion, garlic and bitter almond oils caused moderate fungi-toxicity against early blight pathogen and could be implemented in the IPM program. Lower EC50 values were obtained in case of combinations of fungicides with oils than separate treatments. Effect of the active conventional fungicides and plant oils on disease indices, relative disease control, chlorophyll content, sugar contents and poly phenol oxidase in tomato plants was also studied.

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