scholarly journals Nitrogen oxides and CO2 from an Oxisol cultivated with corn in succession to cover crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Mercedes Maria da Cunha Bustamante ◽  
Thais Rodrigues Coser ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Juaci Vitória Malaquias
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Natural Fallow ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two legumes (Crotalaria juncea and Mucuna pruriens), as cover crops, and of natural fallow, as a control treatment, on the emissions of NOx, N2O, and CO2 from an Oxisol cultivated with corn, under conventional and no-tillage systems, in the Cerrado region, in Central Brazil. Variations of CO2 fluxes in the soil were explained mainly by soil humidity and, in the legumes, under conventional system, by soil NH4+-N concentration. Plots with legumes under no-tillage system had higher annual emissions of CO2, NOx, and N2O than natural fallow. Results show that the use of legumes as cover crops favors the emissions of NOx-N + N2O-N and CO2-C. However, when considering the potential for mitigation of CO2 and nitrogen oxide emissions from the soil, it is important to evaluate changes in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks.

scholarly journals Soil chemical properties affected by cover crops under no-tillage system

Revista CERES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tillage System

The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems (NTS) can significantly improve the soil's fertility. Thus, a study was performed to evaluate changes in chemical properties of soil caused by cover crops in a no-tillage system. The field experiment consisted of the following crop rotation: cover crops/rice/cover crops/rice. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications. Treatments consisted of four cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Colonião, and Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br. cv. BN-2) and fallow (control treatment). Soil samples were collected at the beginning of the summer crop in Oct 2007, Oct 2008 and Oct 2009 at 0-5 cm soil depth. The use of cover crops provided for a significant increase in the level of nutrients, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation in the soil. Soil fertility improved from the first to second year with the growing of cover crops. The soil under cover crops P. glaucum, B. ruziziensis, and B. brizantha showed higher fertility than the area under fallow.

scholarly journals Microbial activity in soil with onion grown in a no-tillage system with single or intercropped cover crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Souza ◽  
Mónica María Machado Vargas ◽  
Bárbara Santos Ventura ◽  
Vilmar Müller Júnior ◽  
Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fda Hydrolysis

ABSTRACT: Microbial biomass is a driving force in the dynamics of soil organic matter, and microbial activity is an indicator of soil quality in agroecosystems, reflecting changes in management practices and environmental conditions. We evaluated the effect of monoculture and intercropped winter cover crops on soil chemical attributes, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), urease, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis activity, as well as onion yield in a no-tillage system. Soil is a Typic Humudept, and treatments were control with spontaneous vegetation, barley, rye, oilseed radish (OR), OR + rye, and OR + barley. The soil was sampled (0-10 cm) five times between June and December. There were no differences among treatments for MBC and BR, and the highest values for those attributes occurred in June, when cover plants were in their initial stage. Although, qCO2 was not affected by any treatment, it varied among sampling periods, ranging from 0.62 to 10 µg C-CO2 mg-1 MBC h-1, indicating a low- or no stress environment. Cover crops had little influence on enzyme activity, but FDA was lowered in areas with single crops of barley and rye. Average onion yield in cover crops treatments was 13.01 (Mg ha-1), 30-40% higher than in the control treatment.

scholarly journals Use of nitrogen from fertilizer and cover crops by upland rice in an Oxisol under no-tillage in the Cerrado

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzini ◽  
Karuppan Sakadevan ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cover crops on the yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa) grown under no-tillage system, in the presence and absence of N fertilizer, as well as to quantify, in the field, the use efficiency of N from urea and cover crops by upland rice, through the 15N isotope dilution technique. The field experiment was carried out in the municipality of Selvíria, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox) in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) region. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 15 treatments and four replicates, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement. The treatments were four cover crops (Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Mucuna pruriens, and Pennisetum glaucum) + spontaneous vegetation (fallow in off-season), combined with three forms of N fertilization: control treatment, without N fertilizer application; 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing; and 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing plus 60 kg ha-1 N as topdressing. Rice is not affected by N fertilizer application as topdressing, when legume cover crops are used. The use of legume cover crops provides higher grain yield and use of fertilizer-N by rice than that of millet or fallow. Legume cover crops promote an effect equivalent to that of the application of 60 kg ha-1 N as urea on rice yield.

scholarly journals Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
A. B. Peery ◽  
M. L. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and fractions in a long-term integrated crop–livestock system under no-tillage in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Mari Assmann ◽  
Ibanor Anghinoni ◽  
Amanda Posselt Martins ◽  
Sérgio Ely Valadão Gigante de Andra Costa ◽  
Diego Cecagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks ◽  
Livestock System

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽  
Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Structuring potential of some cover crops and crambe in Haplortox under no-tillage system

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 2078-2086
Author(s):  
Kazue Tokura Luciene ◽  
Secco Deonir ◽  
Antonio Zanao Junior Luiz ◽  
Antonio Cruz Siqueira Jair ◽  
Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation by Cover Crops and Upland Rice Grown in Succession Under No-Tillage System as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzin ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

scholarly journals Soil quality indicators after conversion of “murundu” fields into no-tillage cropping in the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Camila Rodrigues Menezes da Silva ◽  
Flávio Araújo Pinto ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Quotient ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Carbon Management Index

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in soil quality due to different times of adoption of the no-tillage system in “murundu” (mound) fields converted to agriculture, as well as to identify the best indicators to explain these changes. The study was carried out on a Plinthic Altisol, in the municipality of Portelândia, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The treatments consisted of different times of conversion and of adoption of the no-tillage system - 8, 12, and 17 years - and of native area between the mounds and on top of the mounds (reference area). After 17 years of the adoption of no-tillage, there was an increase in organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as in their particulate fractions in relation to the reference area. The microbiological attributes showed greater values in the 17-year no-tillage period compared with the native area. For soil aggregation, 12 years of adoption of the no-tillage system were enough to show an increase in this variable. The main attributes to be used as soil quality indicators are microbial biomass carbon, the carbon management index, and the microbial quotient.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN A SOIL WITH COVER CROPS IN SUCCESSION WITH MAIZE IN A NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Cátia Aparecida SIMON ◽  
Meire Silvestrini Cordeiro ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Marivaine Da Silva Brasil ◽  
Carlos Henrique De David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

Avaliou-se neste estudo o efeito residual de plantas de cobertura na atividade das enzimas fosfatase ácida, arilsulfatase e beta-glucosidase e na respiração basal em solo cultivado com milho no Cerrado sul-mato-grossense. A fosfatase ácida, arilsufatase e beta-glucosidase variaram respectivamente de 755 a 1111; 74 a 131 e 167 a 299 µg p-nitrofenol g solo-1 h-1. As plantas de cobertura de espécies gramíneas proporcionaram maior atividade enzimática no solo quando comparada as demais. As coberturas Urochoa ruziziensis, sorgo e Urochoa brizanta promoveram os maiores valores nas atividades das enzimas do solo fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase e os menores valores de respiração basal do solo. Para a enzima beta glucosidase a cobertura que proporcionou o maior valor de atividade foi o milheto, onde também foi observado maior valor de respiração do solo. De maneira geral, as menores atividades enzimáticas foram observadas em solo com as coberturas nabo forrageiro e crambe. 

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