Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

Reports on ectoparasites on dogs in Central America are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify flea, louse and tick species infesting dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and determine their frequency and coexistence. Ectoparasites were collected from dogs in 83 rural homes at five study sites. Specimens were identified and separated according to species. Fleas were the most common ectoparasite (G = 22,217, DF = 8, p = 0.004). Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex simulans were found in 83% and 55% of the homes with ectoparasites, respectively. Trichodectes canis (13%), Heterodoxus spiniger (10%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (5%) and Amblyomma ovale (8%) were also present. More than one species was collected in most cases (66%), and the most common combination was C. felis and P. simulans (59% of homes with fleas). The high frequency of P. simulans emphasizes the need for adequate identification. This was the first study involving different ectoparasites of dogs in Costa Rica, as well as the first report of T. canis in this country. The relative frequency and coexistence of these ectoparasites in the home environment may have implications for animal and human health.

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Geomorphology of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica

Journal of Maps ◽

10.1080/17445647.2019.1600592 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 363-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adolfo Quesada-Román ◽

Paula M. Pérez-Briceño

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Caribbean Coast ◽

The Caribbean

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Wordform-specific frequency effects cause acoustic variation in zero-inflected homophones

Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics ◽

10.1515/psicl-2020-0024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 711-739

Author(s):

Eva Maria Luef ◽

Jong-Seung Sun

Keyword(s):

Lexical Access ◽

High Frequency ◽

Relative Frequency ◽

Frequency Effects ◽

Reduction Processes ◽

Specific Frequency ◽

Phonetic Reduction ◽

Acoustic Variation

Abstract The frequency with which a word appears in the lexicon has implications for its pronunciation. Numerous studies have shown that high-frequency lemma are characterized by more phonetic reduction than lower-frequency lemma. These findings have proven to be particularly useful in the study of homophones where frequency-related reduction processes can give insights into lexical access theories. The majority of research on homophones and frequency effects has focused on heterographic and semantically unrelated homophones (e.g., English time – thyme) or investigated zero-derived homophones (e.g., English the cut, noun – to cut, verb). Here, zero inflection in German pluralization (e.g., ein Würfel ‘one die’– zwei Würfel ‘two dice’) was investigated to determine if and how frequency effects impact on the acoustic realization of the homophonous singular-plural word pairs. The findings indicate that the number-specified wordforms show acoustic variation related to wordform frequency and the relative frequency of the singular to plural inflected forms. Results differ for durations of wordforms, stem vowels, and final phonemes. Our findings have implications for lexical access theories and can inform about ‘frequency inheritance’ across the singular and plural homophones of the zero-inflected plurals.

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Turmoil at Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica): Degassing and eruptive processes inferred from high-frequency gas monitoring

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth ◽

10.1002/2016jb013150 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 121 (8) ◽

pp. 5761-5775 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

J. Maarten de Moor ◽

A. Aiuppa ◽

G. Avard ◽

H. Wehrmann ◽

N. Dunbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

High Frequency ◽

Gas Monitoring ◽

Turrialba Volcano

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Sexual Assault: Social and Stranger Rape

Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health ◽

10.7870/cjcmh-1987-0003 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. Edward Renner ◽

Carol Wackett

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Cultural Values ◽

High Frequency ◽

Relative Frequency ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Physical Injury ◽

Sexual Assaults ◽

Assault Victims ◽

To Receive

The Service for Sexual Assault Victims in Halifax reviewed 474 cases of sexual assault handled over a three-year period to determine the nature and relative frequency of social and stranger sexual assault. Women are most likely to be sexually assaulted by a man who is known to and often trusted by them. Women who are raped in a social context are less willing than those raped by a stranger to seek help at the time of the assault, to receive medical attention, or to report the rape to the police. They are also less likely to be threatened with physical harm or to receive physical injury. The cultural values which are responsible for the high frequency of sexual assaults by men who are known to their victims, and for the reluctance of the women to disclose the assault, are discussed.

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The Caribbean Carretera : Race, Space and Social Liminality in Costa Rica

Bulletin of Latin American Research ◽

10.1111/1470-9856.00004 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 46-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Russell Leigh Sharman

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

The Caribbean

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Intra and inter annual variation in a seagrass meadow on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica: 2009-2015

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v66i3.31035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 1149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margarita Loría-Naranjo ◽

Jimena Samper-Villarreal ◽

Marylaura Sandoval-Siles ◽

Jorge Cortés

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Seagrass Meadow ◽

Seagrass Beds ◽

Seagrass Bed ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Caribbean Coast ◽

Area Index ◽

The Caribbean

Seagrass beds are an important ecosystem on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. At Cahuita National Park (CNP) a seagrass bed at Perezoso has been monitored continually since 1999 within the CARICOMP program. Thalassia testudinum is the dominant seagrass species, in some cases mixed with Syringodium filiforme. The results from the 2009 to 2015 monitoring period are presented here, and contrasted with data before 2009. Total (above and below ground tissue) mean biomass of T. testudinum was higher (1 255.4 ± 146.0 gm-2) than biomass before 2009, with an increasing tendency. However, productivity (1.5±0.59 gm-2d-1) and turnover rate (4.3 ± 1.22 %d-1) were lower than previous monitoring periods. In this period, mean leaf area diminished considerably (4.9 ± 2.30 m2), but leaf area index (LAI) increased (1.9 ± 0.80 m2leafm-2) in comparison to prior monitoring. Productivity, density, turnover rate, LAI and biomass showed intra-annual variations; while mean biomass of T. testudinum did not vary significantly among years. No correlations were found between water salinity, temperature and clarity with seagrass measurements. However, most seagrass parameters were strongly correlated with precipitation. These results highlight the effect of external environmental agents acting on the ecosystem. CNP presents a long-term stable seagrass meadow. However, there are indirect signals, such as high biomass and above-ground biomass proportion, along with low productivity and LAI, which point to a nutrient increment in Perezoso’s seagrass bed. To continue protecting this seagrass bed, it is necessary to improve monitoring methods, and seagrass beds should be included in national conservation policies and monitoring programs.

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