Production of two Nasal Sounds by Speakers with Cleft Palate

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bressmann ◽  
Bojana Radovanovic ◽  
Susan Harper ◽  
Paula Klaiman ◽  
David Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Considerable Error

Many speakers with cleft palate develop atypical consonant productions, especially for pressure consonants such as plosives, fricatives, and affricates. The present study investigated the nature of nasal sound errors. The participants were eight female and three male speakers with cleft palate between the ages of 6 to 20. Speakers were audio-recorded, and midsagittal tongue movement was captured with ultrasound. The speakers repeated vowel-consonant-vowel with the vowels /α/, /i/, and /u/ and the alveolar and velar nasal consonants /n/ and /η/. The productions were reviewed by three listeners. The participants showed a variety of different placement errors and insertions of plosives, as well as liquid productions. There was considerable error variability between and within speakers, often related to the different vowel contexts. Three speakers co-produced click sounds. The study demonstrated the wide variety of sound errors that some speakers with cleft palate may demonstrate for nasal sounds. Nasal sounds, ideally in different vowel contexts, should be included in articulation screenings for speakers with cleft palate, perhaps more than is currently the case.

Comparison of Tongue Position during Speech before and after Pharyngeal Flap Surgery in Hypernasal Speakers

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Tanimoto ◽  
Gunilla Henningsson ◽  
Annika Isberg ◽  
Yan-Fang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Flap Surgery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Tongue Movements ◽  
Pharyngeal Flap ◽  
Almost All

Tongue position was cineradiographically analyzed during speech, before and after pharyngeal flap surgery, in 19 hypernasal cleft palate speakers with acceptable articulation and in 10 noncleft reference individuals. The results showed that the position of the tongue was significantly retracted during production of the consonants (/ti/, /ki/, and /ka/) in the cleft palate speakers with VPI compared to the reference individuals. Following pharyngeal flap surgery, the position of the tongue remained different in cleft palate speakers compared to reference Individuals, although the articulation quality and resonance were evaluated to have normalized in almost all the speech samples produced by cleft palate speakers. It was suggested that the cleft palate speakers with VPI may exploit the plasticity of the speech system in order to achieve perceptually good speech, even though their tongue movements might be different from tongue movement in noncleft speakers.

On the Shape of Field-Ion Emitters

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
H.C. Eaton ◽  
B.N. Ranganathan ◽  
T.W. Burwinkle ◽  
R. J. Bayuzick ◽  
J.J. Hren
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Theoretical Strength ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Field Evaporation ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Field Ion Microscopy ◽  
Considerable Error ◽  
True Shape ◽  
Ion Microscopy

The shape of the emitter is of cardinal importance to field-ion microscopy. First, the field evaporation process itself is closely related to the initial tip shape. Secondly, the imaging stress, which is near the theoretical strength of the material and intrinsic to the imaging process, cannot be characterized without knowledge of the emitter shape. Finally, the problem of obtaining quantitative geometric information from the micrograph cannot be solved without knowing the shape. Previously published grain-boundary topographies were obtained employing an assumption of a spherical shape (1). The present investigation shows that the true shape deviates as much as 100 Å from sphericity and boundary reconstructions contain considerable error as a result.Our present procedures for obtaining tip shape may be summarized as follows. An empirical projection, D=f(θ), is obtained by digitizing the positions of poles on a field-ion micrograph.

Classroom Teacher and Speech Clinician Severity Ratings of Different Speech Disorders

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Wertz ◽  
Michael D. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Classroom Teachers

Typical examples of four different speech disorders—voice, cleft palate, articulation, and stuttering—were ranked for severity by kindergarten, first-grade, second-grade, and third-grade teachers and by public school speech clinicians. Results indicated that classroom teachers, as a group, moderately agreed with speech clinicians regarding the severity of different speech disorders, and classroom teachers displayed significantly more agreement among themselves than did the speech clinicians.

Automated Acoustic Analysis of Oral Diadochokinesis to Assess Bulbar Motor Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panying Rong
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Oral Diadochokinesis ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Purpose The purpose of this article was to validate a novel acoustic analysis of oral diadochokinesis (DDK) in assessing bulbar motor involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method An automated acoustic DDK analysis was developed, which filtered out the voice features and extracted the envelope of the acoustic waveform reflecting the temporal pattern of syllable repetitions during an oral DDK task (i.e., repetitions of /tɑ/ at the maximum rate on 1 breath). Cycle-to-cycle temporal variability (cTV) of envelope fluctuations and syllable repetition rate (sylRate) were derived from the envelope and validated against 2 kinematic measures, which are tongue movement jitter (movJitter) and alternating tongue movement rate (AMR) during the DDK task, in 16 individuals with bulbar ALS and 18 healthy controls. After the validation, cTV, sylRate, movJitter, and AMR, along with an established clinical speech measure, that is, speaking rate (SR), were compared in their ability to (a) differentiate individuals with ALS from healthy controls and (b) detect early-stage bulbar declines in ALS. Results cTV and sylRate were significantly correlated with movJitter and AMR, respectively, across individuals with ALS and healthy controls, confirming the validity of the acoustic DDK analysis in extracting the temporal DDK pattern. Among all the acoustic and kinematic DDK measures, cTV showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (i.e., 0.87) with 80% sensitivity and 94% specificity in differentiating individuals with ALS from healthy controls, which outperformed the SR measure. Moreover, cTV showed a large increase during the early disease stage, which preceded the decline of SR. Conclusions This study provided preliminary validation of a novel automated acoustic DDK analysis in extracting a useful measure, namely, cTV, for early detection of bulbar ALS. This analysis overcame a major barrier in the existing acoustic DDK analysis, which is continuous voicing between syllables that interferes with syllable structures. This approach has potential clinical applications as a novel bulbar assessment.

Holistic Communication Assessment for Young Children With Cleft Palate Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health:Children and Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-938
Author(s):  
Anna Cronin ◽  
Sharynne McLeod ◽  
Sarah Verdon
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Case History ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Holistic Assessment

Purpose Children with a cleft palate (± cleft lip; CP±L) can have difficulties communicating and participating in daily life, yet speech-language pathologists typically focus on speech production during routine assessments. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY; World Health Organization, 2007 ) provides a framework for holistic assessment. This tutorial describes holistic assessment of children with CP±L illustrated by data collected from a nonclinical sample of seven 2- to 3-year-old children, 13 parents, and 12 significant others (e.g., educators and grandparents). Method Data were collected during visits to participants' homes and early childhood education and care centers. Assessment tools applicable to domains of the ICF-CY were used to collect and analyze data. Child participants' Body Functions including speech, language, and cognitive development were assessed using screening and standardized assessments. Participants' Body Structures were assessed via oral motor examination, case history questionnaires, and observation. Participants' Activities and Participation as well as Environmental and Personal Factors were examined through case history questionnaires, interviews with significant others, parent report measures, and observations. Results Valuable insights can be gained from undertaking holistic speech-language pathology assessments with children with CP±L. Using multiple tools allowed for triangulation of data and privileging different viewpoints, to better understand the children and their contexts. Several children demonstrated speech error patterns outside of what are considered cleft speech characteristics, which underscores the importance of a broader assessment. Conclusion Speech-language pathologists can consider incorporating evaluation of all components and contextual factors of the ICF-CY when assessing and working with young children with CP±L to inform intervention and management practices.

Compensatory Tongue-Palate-Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Relationships in Cleft Palate

1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alta R. Brooks ◽  
Ralph L. Shelton ◽  
Karl A. Youngstrom
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall

Errata

1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Ration Group

In the February 1966 issue of this journal, two errors occurred in Joan C. Pitzner’s and Hughlett L. Morris’s article “Articulation Skills and Adequacy of Breath Pressure Ratios of Children with Cleft Palate.” On page 29, the heading “Reality” should be “Reliability,” and on page 30, the heading “Pressure-Ration Group One” should be “Pressure-Ratio Group One.”

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