Acoustic emission technique is a non-destructive detection method that can continuously and dynamically detect the damage evolution inside the structure. In this paper, a local fire experiment is conducted within an entity building to acquire and analyze acoustic emission parameters in the whole process of the experiment. Results show that the number of events is closely related to the crack development, the peak value of the energy rate occurs when a large number of cracks appear, signals with the amplitude less than 80db account for more than 90%, signal amplitudes produced by the building damage in different stages from fire development to fire attenuation are different, and most signals with the amplitude of 75db – 85db are produced in the stage of fire development.