In the Long Run: Rights, Sovereignty, and Bombing

PMLA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642
Author(s):  
Bruce Robbins

Will historians looking back a hundred years from now see the rise of human rights as an agent or reflection of the decline of national sovereignty? I take this question (asked at a recent meeting by Richard Wilson, director of the Human Rights Institute at the University of Connecticut) as an expression of worry about the effects that the decline of national sovereignty is likely to have, including effects on human rights themselves. Human rights advocates will recognize an obvious reason for this worry. Human rights are often seen, correctly but narrowly, as a key line of protection against an invasive and oppressive state. But the project of winning respect for human rights also relies heavily on the state's legal and bureaucratic powers—the power to enforce, to educate, to take positive measures, and so on. This is especially true in the domain of economic, social, and cultural rights, which require for their fulfillment that states exercise what has come to be called “due diligence.” Violence against women, for example, which has only been classified as an abuse of human rights since 1993, is often perpetrated not by states but by private individuals and groups. It can come under the protection of human rights discourse only if a sovereign state, which is held responsible for intervening to punish and prevent, is strong enough to do so. Weaken national sovereignty, and you may subvert the cause of women's rights.

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sorial

In Between Facts and Norms, Habermas articulates a system of rights, including human rights, within the democratic constitutional state. For Habermas, while human rights, like other subjective rights have moral content, they do not structurally belong to a moral system; nor should they be grounded in one. Instead, human rights belong to a positive and coercive legal order upon which individuals can make actionable legal claims. Habermas extends this argument to include international human rights, which are realised within the context of a cosmopolitan legal order. The aim of this paper is to assess the relevance of law as a mechanism for securing human rights protection. I argue that positive law does make a material difference to securing individual human rights and to cultivating and augmenting a general rights culture both nationally and globally. I suggest that Habermas' model of law presents the most viable way of negotiating the tensions that human rights discourse gives rise to: the tensions between morality and law, between legality and politics, and between the national and international contexts of human rights protection.


2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidi Anselm Odinkalu

The quite complex problems of human and group survival in Africa do not easily lend themselves to diagnosis or solutions within the human rights frame of analysis. There are several reasons for this. Some arise from the recent and not–so–recent history of the continent, others are associated with the foundations and formulation of the human rights framework itself, and the rest with the orientation of those governments, individuals, and organizations involved in or entrusted with translating the promises of human rights into human reality. The invidious dichotomies within human rights discourse between civil, political, economic, social, cultural, and collective (solidarity) rights or the so–called “categories” or “generations” of human rights, with the attendant and implicit hierarchy among these categories of rights, fails to resonate with most people around the continent for whom contact with the state is a frightening prospect that defies such convenient intellectual categories.


2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxiu Bu

In this century, human rights have been transformed into a mainstream issue for multinational companies with a global presence. It is likely that a multipronged mechanism will imminently be demanded to ensure the accountability of economic actors responsible for human rights abuse. This paper places particular stress on the ostensibly prioritized objectives within international human rights arenas. A highly contentious debate revolves around whether China’s approach to ensuring human rights is in tandem with the West’s in helping Africa move forward or whether it will complicate the current playing field and even undermine the West’s long-standing credibility in relation to the protection of human rights. Relying heavily on instruments like the Alien Tort Statute (ats) has proved inadequate. A more promising path seems to be a comprehensive framework of hard law and soft law initiatives, along with other incentives.


Al-Ahkam ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafiz

Muslim countries often stuck in a dilemmatic situation between be exclusively with retaining the Islamic principles of human rights through Islamic law or follow the principles of human rights which is regulated internationally through Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The existence of Independent Permanent Commission of Human Rights (IPHRC) as one of the core institutions of organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) intended to be a mediator for the occurrence of constructive dialogue between human rights discourse on one side with Islamic law on the other side. This is the way to reduce dichotomous view that impact on gaps and conflict. The equivalent dialogue continuously between two entities, Islamic law and human rights must always be attempts to open opportunities in more widely shared understanding and in turn will facilitate the achievement of progress and the protection of human rights in Muslim countries. This dialogue also important to remove the negative stigma against Islamic law that is often accused of violating human rights. and also to open space of interpretation to Islamic law that relevance with contemporary life.


Author(s):  
Núra Reguart-Segarra ◽  
Maria Chiara Marullo ◽  
Victoria Camarero-Suárez ◽  
Francisco Javier Zamora-Cabot ◽  
Julia José Carceller-Stella

ICR Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-361
Author(s):  
Asif Mohiuddin

Globalisation the growing interpenetration of ideas, states, and markets across borders has not only fostered the very blurring of distances but also growing avenues of appeal for citizens suppressed by their own states. There is no doubt that, in contemporary times, international norms and institutions for the protection of human rights are more developed than at any previous point in history. However, assaults on basic human rights continue, and the emergence of a global human rights regime may also be engendering new sources of human rights abuse. This paper examines how these developments have transformed the complex and mutable relationship between human rights and Islam and how this relationship is readjusting in response to the changing global situation. Focusing on the dramatic expansion of human rights discourse in the Muslim world, the paper argues that, for critics of Islam, the position on the incompatibility of Islam and human rights, which assumes two settled entities in an unstable relationship, is becoming hard to sustain as is the position on the Western origin of human rights. The main implication of this study is that human rights principles can be a binding international norm in a globalised world and that many normative conventions can play a pioneering role in promoting these rights and contribute to the emergence of a multicultural society.


Author(s):  
Jérémie Gilbert

This chapter examines the connections between cultural practices, cultural rights, and natural resources, and focuses on three different approaches. The first examines the human rights discourse on cultural diversity and how international human rights law has developed a link between the rights of minorities’ and indigenous peoples’ cultural practices and natural resources. The second focuses on cultural heritage and explores how the legal framework of cultural heritage is relevant to protecting certain traditional cultural practices and knowledge connected to the use of natural resources. The third concerns the connection between spirituality, religion, and natural resources, and examines how the human rights protection of religious practices and spirituality could be linked to a spiritual connection to natural resources.


Author(s):  
Carole R. Fontaine

This essay explores the socially restrictive traditions that cause scriptural groups to reject the idea of universal rights and equal access to economic, social and cultural rights. This hermeneutical situation is difficult to tolerate, as our multicultural planet is seeking survival. Ethical issues and the principles of a culture’s morality are often partly religious in nature. The UNDUHR recognizes the right to believe and to promote one’s own beliefs, and it considers these particular rights as being part of a cultural “right to affiliate.” Nevertheless, international human rights law has not successfully promoted full human rights in countries of “Religions of the Book.” The essay thus suggests that appeals to the Bible grounded in human rights must be woven into contextual exegetical work, human rights discourse, and feminist critique. Even so, for women, foreigners, and “Others,” the Bible will remain a serious obstacle for enjoying full economic, social, and cultural rights.


2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Gavison

The main thesis of this Article is that the tendency to sweepingly use the human rights discourse in immigration contexts may be misguided. Moreover, the expansion of the human rights discourse beyond its natural and critical scope may have negative results and encourage states to act in ways that may harm important interests of immigrants. The unsuitability of applying human rights discourse to many of the core issues of immigration policy derives from three main reasons: First, is the immanent tension between the moral claims that rights are universal and apply to all individuals, and the fact that actual protection of human rights is the primary responsibility of states. Second, is the related distinction between the basic recognition of a human right and the processes of identifying the nature and scope of the duties such recognition involves. Third, are the institutional implications of choosing between the human rights discourse and discussion of policy questions. Issues determined by rights that have already been regulated can and should ordinarily be decided by independent courts; while issues of policy, especially ones that involve extensive enforcement and administrative structures, should be debated, resolved, and implemented by political players. While there are important aspects of immigration that do belong to core human rights in the strongest sense, most typical immigration issues are not, at this stage, matters of universal human rights.


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