national sovereignty
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2022 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duane Nickull

Social media networks have the capability to allow the spread of both factual information and disinformation amongst general populations at a pace unforeseen at any previous time in history. Those who are responsible for continuing to protect democratic principles can benefit from studying, understanding, and adapting to counteract this unheralded spread of data. Developing tactics and strategies to counter the antics of those who propagate disinformation to further their own causes will become necessary to protect the integrity of elections and other national and international interests. This chapter explores and reveals some of the general threats and potential counter measures to keep general populations protected from the negative effects of such campaigns.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Dariusz Radziwiłłowicz

The Polish-Soviet War, which took place between 1919 and 1920, remains one of the most dramatic, yet also one of the brightest pages in the history of the Polish military. Not only did the Polish army achieve a spectacular victory that ensured Poland’s sovereignty and unrestrained development, but also, according to many historians and politicians, saved Europe from the flood of communism. Apart from the famous Battle of Warsaw, the warfare that lasted from February 1919 to October 1920 included the Kiev Offensive, the Battle of Komarów and the Battle of the Niemen River. The war with the Bolshevists was not just a conflict over the borders, but also concerned the preservation of national sovereignty, threatened by the Bolshevists' attempts to spread the communist revolution throughout Europe. The intention of the Polish side, on the other hand, was to separate the nations occupying the regions to the west and south of Russia and to connect them with Poland through close federal ties. The fate of the war was finally decided in August 1920 at the gates of Warsaw. The Polish Army, following the operational plans of the High Command approved by Józef Piłsudski, the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army, pushed the Red Army east past the Neman River line with a surprising counter-attack. This battle saved Poland's independence and forced the Bolshevists to cancel their plans to spread the communist revolution to the countries of Central and Western Europe.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Zainadine João Danane

This research intends to understand how an integrated border management can contribute to combat illegal immigration in Mozambique, and the evils that come from this irregular entry, as well as the related crimes associated with it. Taking into account the sad events perpetrated by the terrorists in Cabo - Delgado, which has a participation of foreign citizens, it is assumed that some of these citizens have entered illegally or enticed the border authorities to enter Mozambique through illegal means, therefore, it is interesting to understand how the management and control of borders is carried out. It is important to understand how the Mozambican authorities have managed the phenomenon of illegal immigration, even recognizing that some of the borders are porous. The permanent articulation with the various forces involved in border control, in ways that each one of them appropriates illegal immigration, may be the horizon to follow, so that there is no violation of borders, preserving national sovereignty, as efficiency and the effectiveness of the different sectors involved in the border process, can be achieved as long as the different entities that control the border carry out their activities in a coordinated manner, allowing for an ever-increasing flow of commercial transactions. The research is bibliographical, qualitative, using the technique of direct observation, and data provided by the General Directorate of Migration of Mozambique. Keywords: border management, illegal immigration, related crimes, Mozambican Legal Framework


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Boy Anugerah

The coastal areas and the front islands have strategic roles for Indonesia as an archipelagic state. This circumstance is a result of the natural resources contained by the two maritime entities. However, those strategic roles could not be empowered optimally yet, both in terms of socio-economic and security-defense aspects. Whereas, the optimal empowered areas have significance to strengthen the national sovereignty. This research aims to analyze the problems and present the solutions in developing the coastal areas and the front islands to enforce national sovereignty. This research uses a literature review approach. Desk research and annotated bibliography are used as the data collection and analysis methods. The result of this research is that it is important to conduct effective regional development mechanisms based on regional security and management approaches. Effective regional security could be done by involving the community in the state defense system through a reserve component scheme, while effective regional management could be done by enhancing the roles of the three main stakeholders, who are the government, society, and other interest groups (private sector, NGOs, local governments). The conclusion of this research is in terms of enforcing the national sovereignty, the development of the coastal areas and the front islands has to be done comprehensively by combining security and prosperity approaches, which are implemented through effective regional security and management mechanisms. Abstrak Wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau terdepan memiliki nilai strategis bagi Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara maritim. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari kekayaan sumber daya alam yang dimiliki oleh kedua entitas maritim tersebut. Namun demikian, nilai strategis tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal karena wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau terdepan belum diberdayakan, baik dalam konteks sosial-perekonomian maupun pertahanan-keamanan. Padahal, secara umum wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau terdepan yang diberdayakan secara optimal akan memiliki signifikansi penting dalam menopang kedaulatan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis permasalahan dan merumuskan solusi terkait pola pembinaan wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau terdepan dalam mendukung tegaknya kedaulatan nasional melalui pendekatan tinjauan pustaka. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode desk research. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode annotated bibliography. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dibutuhkannya mekanisme pembinaan wilayah secara efektif berbasis pengamanan dan pengelolaan. Pengamanan wilayah dapat dilakukan dengan melibatkan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir dan dan pulau-pulau terdepan dalam sistem pertahanan negara melalui skema komponen cadangan, sedangkan pengelolaan wilayah dilakukan dengan lebih mengoptimalkan peran dan kontribusi dari tiga pemangku kepentingan utama, yakni pemerintah, masyarakat, serta kelompok kepentingan lainnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dalam rangka menegakkan kedaulatan nasional, pembinaan wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau terdepan harus dilakukan secara terpadu dan komprehensif dengan berbasis pada pendekatan keamanan dan kesejahteraan. Pendekatan keamanan dapat dimanifestasikan melalui mekanisme pengamanan wilayah secara efektif, sedangkan pendekatan kesejahteraan dapat diwujudkan melalui mekanisme pengelolaan wilayah secara efektif.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ismaelline Eba Nguema

Abstract The crisis of political representation in Central Africa is structural. It is intrinsically linked to the failure of democracy in the region. All states of Central Africa are states of law in which the people have a major role to play as the holders of national sovereignty. In fact, the presidential regime allows the president of the republic to concentrate all powers. At each constitutional revision, the chief executive affirms his supremacy over the nation. Such a situation combined with the absence of political alternation in Central Africa is leading to a rejection of political representation by an ever growing segment of the population.


Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110584
Author(s):  
Grahame Thompson

Commercial companies are increasingly being recognized as agents of societal governance operating alongside the public authorities in their traditional role as governance bodies. In addition, companies are claiming to be ‘corporate citizens’ in the way they deal with their environmental, employment and social/ethical responsibilities. Given the fact that large corporations are now heavily internationalized in their operational characteristics – with branches, subsidiaries, affiliates and extended supply chains operating in multiple jurisdictions – can such organizations be brought into a democratic register? Citizenship and democracy are conventionally associated with a territorial state, national sovereignty and jurisdictional independence. So, how can internationalized companies be subject to democratic forms of governance? An added problem arises with platform companies and blockchain organized digital currency providers whose operations transcend national borders from the start. This contribution discusses the issues of and provides a way for considering corporate democracy afresh in these rapidly evolving contexts.


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