MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN FREE-RANGING LIONS (PANTHERA LEO) — EVALUATION OF SEROLOGICAL AND TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTS FOR DETECTION OF INFECTION AND DISEASE

Surveillance forMycobacterium bovisin free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from south-western Manitoba was carried out from 1997 to 2010 to describe the lesions, epidemiology, and geographic distribution of disease. Tissues were cultured from animals killed by hunters, culled for management, blood-tested, or found opportunistically. Period prevalence in elk was approximately six times higher than deer, suggesting a significant reservoir role for elk, but that infected deer may also be involved. Prevalence was consistently higher in elk compared to deer in a small core area and prevalence declines since 2003 are likely due to a combination of management factors instituted during that time. Older age classes and animals sampled from the core area were at significantly higher risk of being culture positive. Positive elk and deer were more likely to be found through blood testing, opportunistic surveillance, and culling compared to hunting. No non-lesioned, culture-positive elk were detected in this study compared to previous studies in red deer.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Potential Shedding of Mycobacterium bovis in Free-Ranging Raccoons

Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference ◽

10.5070/v424110346 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Are , R. Berentsen ◽

Mike , R. Dunbar ◽

David , R. Marks ◽

Suelee Robbe-Austerman

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Free Ranging

Download Full-text

Rapid Detection of Serum Antibody by Dual-Path Platform VetTB Assay in White-Tailed Deer Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00120-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 907-911 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽

Rena Greenwald ◽

Javan Esfandiari ◽

Daniel J. O'Brien ◽

Stephen M. Schmitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Skin Testing ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Content Type ◽

In The Wild ◽

Free Ranging

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (TB) in cervids remains a significant problem affecting farmed herds and wild populations. Traditional skin testing has serious limitations in certain species, whereas emerging serological assays showed promising diagnostic performance. The recently developed immunochromatographic dual-path platform (DPP) VetTB assay has two antigen bands, T1 (MPB83 protein) and T2 (CFP10/ESAT-6 fusion protein), for antibody detection. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of this test by using serum samples collected from groups of white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated withMycobacterium bovis,M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, orM. bovisBCG Pasteur. In addition, we used serum samples from farmed white-tailed deer in herds with no history of TB, as well as from free-ranging white-tailed deer culled during field surveillance studies performed in Michigan known to have bovine TB in the wild deer population. The DPP VetTB assay detected antibody responses in 58.1% of experimentally infected animals within 8 to 16 weeks postinoculation and in 71.9% of naturally infected deer, resulting in an estimated test sensitivity of 65.1% and a specificity of 97.8%. The higher seroreactivity found in deer with naturally acquiredM. bovisinfection was associated with an increased frequency of antibody responses to the ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins, resulting in a greater contribution of these antigens, in addition to MPB83, to the detection of seropositive animals, compared with experimentalM. bovisinfection. Deer experimentally inoculated with eitherM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisorM. bovisBCG Pasteur did not produce cross-reactive antibodies that could be detected by the DPP VetTB assay. The present findings demonstrate the relatively high diagnostic accuracy of the DPP VetTB test for white-tailed deer, especially in the detection of naturally infected animals.

Download Full-text

ESTIMATING THE TRUE PREVALENCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS IN FREE-RANGING ELK IN MICHIGAN

Journal of Wildlife Diseases ◽

10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.802 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 802-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Daniel J. O'Brien ◽

Stephen M. Schmitt ◽

Dale E. Berry ◽

Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽

Timothy J. Lyon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

True Prevalence ◽

Free Ranging

Download Full-text

IMMOBILIZATION OF FREE-RANGING AFRICAN LIONS (PANTHERA LEO) WITH A COMBINATION OF XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Journal of Wildlife Diseases ◽

10.7589/0090-3558-21.4.401 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 401-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. H. Herbst ◽

C. Packer ◽

U. S. Seal

Keyword(s):

Panthera Leo ◽

Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽

Free Ranging ◽

African Lions

Download Full-text

The use of deslorelin implants for the long-term contraception of lionesses and tigers

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr07141 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 525 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

H. J. Bertschinger ◽

M. A. de Barros Vaz Guimarães ◽

T. E. Trigg ◽

A. Human

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Effective Means ◽

Panthera Leo ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Panthera Tigris ◽

Field Observations ◽

The Mean ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Mean Time

Contraception is an essential tool for controlling reproduction in captive and free-ranging lions. This paper describes the treatment and contraception of 23 captive and 40 free-ranging lionesses (Panthera leo) and four captive tigers (Panthera tigris) in South Africa using 3 × 4.7 mg, 2 × 4.7 mg, 9.4 mg or 4.7 + 9.4 mg deslorelin implants. Thirty-one lionesses were treated more than once at 11- to 60-month intervals. In Brazil, two lionesses were treated with 9.4-mg implants and faecal progesterone and oestradiol concentrations were monitored for 920 days. All combinations of deslorelin showed the length of contraception to be around 30 months with one 3 × 4.7 mg treatment lasting 40 months in one captive lioness. The mean time taken to reconception was 30.1 months for the 3 × 4.7 mg combination. The faecal analyses of the lionesses in Brazil reflected quiescent ovarian activity for periods of 17 and 30 months, respectively, when small oestradiol peaks but no progesterone peaks started to appear. This confirmed the field observations in South Africa. No side effects occurred although several of the lionesses were treated repeatedly for up to 8 years. Deslorelin (Suprelorin) is a safe and effective means of controlling reproduction in captive or free-ranging populations of lions. Where contraception is to be maintained, the implementation of implants at 24-month intervals is recommended.

Download Full-text

Effects of Serial Skin Testing with Purified Protein Derivative on the Level and Quality of Antibodies to Complex and Defined Antigens in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00119-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 641-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

W. Ray Waters ◽

Mitchell V. Palmer ◽

Molly R. Stafne ◽

Kristin E. Bass ◽

Mayara F. Maggioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Skin Testing ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Infected Cattle ◽

Content Type ◽

Purified Protein Derivative ◽

In Series

ABSTRACTSeveral serological tests designed to detect antibodies to immunodominantMycobacterium bovisantigens have recently emerged as ancillary tests for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, particularly when used after the injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) for skin testing, which significantly boostsM. bovis-specific antibody responses. The present findings demonstrate the onset and duration of boosted antibody responses after the injection ofM. bovisPPD for the caudal fold test (CFT) andMycobacterium aviumandM. bovisPPDs for the comparative cervical test (CCT), administered in series in cattle experimentally infected withM. bovis. While skin tests boosted the responses to certain antigens (i.e., MPB83 and MPB70), they did not affect the responses to other antigens (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP10, MPB59, and MPB64). Administration of the CCT 105 days after the CFT resulted in an even greater secondary boost in antibody responses to MPB83 and MPB70 and to a proteinase K-digested whole-cell sonicate (WCS-PK) ofM. bovis. Both IgM and IgG contributed to the initial boost in the MPB83/MPB70-specific antibody response after the CFT. The secondary boost after the CCT was primarily due to increased IgG levels. Also, the avidity of antibodies to MPB83 and MPB70 increased after the CCT inM. bovis-infected cattle. The avidity of antibodies to the WCS-PK antigens increased in the interval between the CFT and the CCT but did not increase further after the CCT. Together, these findings demonstrate that the administration of PPDs for skin tests results in additive enhancement (i.e., when the CFT and CCT are performed in series), both qualitative and quantitative, of MPB83/MPB70-specific antibody responses.

Download Full-text