Some observations in soil–pipe model tests under vertical uplift loading in compacted clay

Author(s):  
Chee K. Wong ◽  
Richard G. Wan ◽  
Ron C. K. Wong
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Passano ◽  
Carl M. Larsen ◽  
Jie Wu

The purpose of this paper is to compare predictions of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) from a semi-empirical program to experimental data. The data is taken from a VIV model test program of a free span pipeline using a long elastic pipe model. Both in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) vibrations are compared. The Norwegian Ormen Lange field development included pipelines laid on very uneven seafloors, resulting in many free spans. As part of the preparations for this field development, VIV model tests of single- and multi-span pipelines were carried out at MARINTEK for Norsk Hydro, which later became a part of Statoil. The VIVANA program is a semi-empirical frequency domain program based on the finite element method. The program was originally developed by MARINTEK and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) to predict cross-flow response due to VIV. The fluid-structure interaction in VIVANA is described using added mass, excitation and damping coefficients. Default curves are available or the user may input other data. VIVANA originally included only cross-flow excitation but pure in-line excitation was later added. Recently, simultaneous cross-flow and in-line excitation has also been included. At present, the excitation in the cross-flow and in-line directions is not coupled. Coefficients for simultaneous cross-flow and in-line excitation have been proposed and are available in VIVANA. In this paper, response predicted by VIVANA has been compared to the Ormen Lange model tests for selected test series. The analyses with pure IL loading gave good estimates of IL response up to and beyond the start of CF response. The analyses with combined CF and IL loading gave good response estimates for the test series with a long span. The experiments with short spans tended to give CF and IL mode 1 response while the present version of the program gave IL response at higher modes. The present coefficient based approach is, however, promising. Further work should aim at establishing better coefficients and to understanding the interaction between CF and IL response.


Author(s):  
C. K. Wong ◽  
R. G. Wan ◽  
R. Wong ◽  
B. Liu

Buried pipeline systems may traverse sections of unstable soil masses. Long-term ground movement may induce large strains on the pipe over time. To maintain the integrity of the pipeline, pipeline engineers and designers need to assess the frequency of critical ground movements to perform necessary remediation such as a stress relief procedure to prolong pipeline operation. The frequency of applying necessary remediation measures will vary depending on the rate of soil displacement in elasto-viscoplastic soils such as clay. Previous experimental work on simulating soil-pipe interactions was completed extensively on granular soils such as sand. Thus, an experimental program in simulating soil-pipe interaction for buried pipes in elasto-viscoplastic soils is highlighted in this paper. The experimental setup comprises a steel soil chamber (0.9 m in width and height, 2.4 m in length) with a steel pipe (150 mm diameter) being embedded in a compacted clay inside the chamber. The pipe is subjected to relative longitudinal, vertical uplift, and horizontal transverse displacements. The equipment setup has the ability to control and vary the displacement rate of the pipe. Hence, the effect of various displacement rates on the system response or the subgrade reaction can be studied. The system response or the subgrade reaction is recorded in a data acquisition system. In this paper, preliminary results of a vertical uplift test will be compared with existing guidelines from the American Lifelines Alliance (ALA). The ALA guidelines have yet to incorporate the effect of varying soil displacement rates in determining maximum loads subjected onto a pipeline.


2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (-1) ◽  
pp. 188-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Bogacz ◽  
Jarosława Kaczmarek ◽  
Danuta Leśniewska

Author(s):  
Stuart Jarvis ◽  
James Sharpe
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. I_462-I_467
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi YAMAZAKI ◽  
Yoshiaki KIKUCHI ◽  
Shohei NODA ◽  
Kazuki SAKIMOTO ◽  
Hiroki MATSUOKA

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