Physical modelling of energy losses at surcharged three-way junction manholes in drainage system

Motivated by the observation that vortex flow structure was evident in the energy loss at the surcharged junction manhole due to changes of hydraulic and geometrical parameters, a physical model was used to calculate energy loss coefficients and investigate the relationship between flow structure and energy loss at the surcharged three-way junction manhole. The effects of the flow discharge ratio, the connected angle between two inflow pipes, the manhole geometry, and the downstream water depth on the energy loss were analyzed based on the quantified energy loss coefficients and the identified flow structure. Moreover, two empirical formulae for head loss coefficients were validated by the experimental data. Results indicate that the effect of flow discharge ratio and connected angle are significant, while the effect of downstream water depth is not obvious. With the increase of the lateral inflow discharge, the flow velocity distribution and vortex structure are both enhanced. It is also found that a circular manhole can reduce local energy loss when compared to a square manhole. In addition, the tested empirical formulae can reproduce the trend of total head loss coefficient.

CRITICAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL MODELLING OF SNOW ACCUMULATION ON ROOFS WITH ARBITRARY GEOMETRY

A review of the most significant domestic and, due to numerical superiority, foreign works on physical modelling of snow transport and snow accumulation processes, in particular, for the purpose of determining snow loads on roofs with arbitrary geometry, is presented. The existing practice of development of recommendations on assignment of snow loads in Russian laboratories is considered and critically evaluated. Comparison of do-mesticworks with scientific articles in the advanced world scientific journals and foreign regulatory documents leads to unfavorable conclusions. Recommendations on assigning snow loads, issued by Russian laboratories on the basisof extremely outdated and poorly substantiated methodology, bear a serious risk for evaluating mechan-ical safety of modern structures, for which such recommendations are developed. Recommendations are offered to remedy this current dangerous practice. The article also gives some suggestions on forming a basis for field observations of snow loads on existing roofs.

Analysis of the Influence of the Degree of Reduction of Iron Ore Materials on the Shape and Location of the Cohesion Zone in a Blast Furnace

The paper considers the theoretical foundations of softening of iron ore materials in a blast furnace (the so-called ‘cohesion zone’). The dependences of the temperature range of softening of iron ore materials (the temperatures of the beginning and ending of softening) on the degree of reduction are calculated and experimentally obtained. Physical modelling of the softening process of reduced iron ore materials was carried out using the Russian State Standard No 26517-85. The results of calculations of the location and shape of the cohesion zone in the blast furnace for iron ore materials with different metallurgical characteristics are presented.

From Print to Proposal: Exploring the Urban and Cultural Possibilities of Hataitai

<p>I am interested in the synergy between art and architecture. Art is typically graphic and architecture is typically spatial. This research investigates how an exploration of both graphic and spatial techniques might inform architecture. I explore this synergy between graphic and spatial within the context of Hataitai, Wellington. This suburb has the opportunity to grow, physically and socially. This research proposes a Continuing Education Centre that promotes a new cultural hub. This proposal responds to the suburb’s car-dependent nature and aims to enhance Hataitai’s cultural resilience What graphic and spatial opportunities does architecture offer to improve pedestrian infrastructure and enhance cultural resilience? I use the design proposal as a vehicle to investigate how art-led experimentation could influence the architectural language and design. I use printmaking as a creative starting point to explore the possibilities of art-led experimentation. From the prints, I investigate the ambiguity of depth and flatness, I then develop experimentation through physical modelling, hand drawing and digital modelling. The resulting design expands a weakly-defined pedestrian network and enriches the cultural fabric through an architectural language that explores both spatial and graphic overlaps.</p>

From Print to Proposal: Exploring the Urban and Cultural Possibilities of Hataitai

<p>I am interested in the synergy between art and architecture. Art is typically graphic and architecture is typically spatial. This research investigates how an exploration of both graphic and spatial techniques might inform architecture. I explore this synergy between graphic and spatial within the context of Hataitai, Wellington. This suburb has the opportunity to grow, physically and socially. This research proposes a Continuing Education Centre that promotes a new cultural hub. This proposal responds to the suburb’s car-dependent nature and aims to enhance Hataitai’s cultural resilience What graphic and spatial opportunities does architecture offer to improve pedestrian infrastructure and enhance cultural resilience? I use the design proposal as a vehicle to investigate how art-led experimentation could influence the architectural language and design. I use printmaking as a creative starting point to explore the possibilities of art-led experimentation. From the prints, I investigate the ambiguity of depth and flatness, I then develop experimentation through physical modelling, hand drawing and digital modelling. The resulting design expands a weakly-defined pedestrian network and enriches the cultural fabric through an architectural language that explores both spatial and graphic overlaps.</p>

Island and Field

<p>We build transport infrastructure to move about the city efficiently. However, in New Zealand, it is often one-dimensional and disconnected from the urban fabric. This is the case in Hataitai, where State Highway 1 imposes a boundary between the nearby village and the Town Belt that could be bridged when new work on the Mt Victoria Tunnel takes place. What could be the nature of a pedestrian bridge that connects these disparate urban territories? I explored this question with two distinct methods. The first used ‘fast and loose’ hand drawing and physical modelling to explore a ubiquitous mesh structure, replacing the ground plane of the site. This Field accommodated a variety of programmed elements and crossings. The second experiment replaced the mesh with an autonomous loop between the park, village and tunnel. This Island required more precise digital modelling tools and a more measured design process. The two methods offer vastly different approaches to urban design. The ubiquitous mesh replaces the existing ground by extending it. The Loop structure is an autonomous figure over the existing and messy ground of the urban junction below. The research demonstrates the tensions between these two approaches to urban intervention and how they can offer alluring moments in the everyday life of the city.</p>

Island and Field

<p>We build transport infrastructure to move about the city efficiently. However, in New Zealand, it is often one-dimensional and disconnected from the urban fabric. This is the case in Hataitai, where State Highway 1 imposes a boundary between the nearby village and the Town Belt that could be bridged when new work on the Mt Victoria Tunnel takes place. What could be the nature of a pedestrian bridge that connects these disparate urban territories? I explored this question with two distinct methods. The first used ‘fast and loose’ hand drawing and physical modelling to explore a ubiquitous mesh structure, replacing the ground plane of the site. This Field accommodated a variety of programmed elements and crossings. The second experiment replaced the mesh with an autonomous loop between the park, village and tunnel. This Island required more precise digital modelling tools and a more measured design process. The two methods offer vastly different approaches to urban design. The ubiquitous mesh replaces the existing ground by extending it. The Loop structure is an autonomous figure over the existing and messy ground of the urban junction below. The research demonstrates the tensions between these two approaches to urban intervention and how they can offer alluring moments in the everyday life of the city.</p>

Propulsion simulation on fully appended ship model

This study presents the numerical investigation for the flow around the propeller of the ONR Tumblehome combatant in open water and for the flow around the same ship in the case of self-propulsion with actuator disk method. Computational Fluid Dynamics based on RANS-VOF solver have been used in order to analyse the flow. The free surface treatment is multi-phase flow approach, incompressible and nonmiscible flow phases are modelled through the use of conservation equations for each volume fraction of phase. Accuracy involves close attention to the physical modelling, particularly the effects of turbulence, as well as the numerical discretization.