scholarly journals Memory for affixes in a long-lag priming paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Gaston ◽  
Linnaea Stockall ◽  
Sarah VanWagenen ◽  
Alec Marantz
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Stark Contrast ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Identity Priming

Psycholinguistic research on the processing of morphologically complex words has largely focused on debates about how/if lexical stems are recognized, stored and retrieved. Comparatively little processing research has investigated similar issues for functional affixes. In Word or Lexeme Based Morphology (Aronoff, 1994), affixes are not representational units on par with stems or roots. This view is in stark contrast to the claims of linguistic theories like Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz, 1993), which assign rich representational content to affixes. We conducted a series of eight visual lexical decision studies, evaluating effects of derivational affix priming along with stem priming, identity priming, form priming and semantic priming at long and short lags. We find robust and consistent affix priming (but not semantic or form priming) with lags up to 33 items, supporting the position that affixes are morphemes, i.e., representational units on par with stems. Intriguingly, we find only weaker evidence for the long-lag stem priming effect found in other studies. We interpret this asymmetry in terms of the salience of different morphological contexts for recollection memory.

The processing of derivational morphology in Korean–English bilingual readers

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAY YOUNG KIM ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
IN YEONG KO
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Bilingual Readers ◽  
Cross Language

Three experiments using a priming lexical decision paradigm were conducted to examine whether cross-language activation occurs via decomposition during the processing of derived words in Korean–English bilingual readers. In Experiment 1, when participants were given a real derived word and an interpretable derived pseudoword (i.e., illegal combination of a stem and a suffix) in Korean as a prime, response times for the corresponding English-translated stem were significantly faster than when they had received an unrelated word. In Experiment 2, non-morphological ending pseudowords (i.e., illegal combination of a stem and an orthographic ending) were included, and this did not show a priming effect. In Experiment 3, non-interpretable derived pseudowords also yielded a significant priming effect just as the interpretable ones. These results together suggest that cross-language activation of morphologically complex words occurs independently of lexicality and interpretability.

scholarly journals The traces that novel morphologically complex words leave in memory are abstract in nature

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-218
Author(s):  
Laura de Vaan ◽  
Kobie Van Krieken ◽  
Winie Van den Bosch ◽  
Robert Schreuder ◽  
Mirjam Ernestus
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Familiarization Phase ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Identity Priming

Abstract Previous work has shown that novel morphologically complex words (henceforth neologisms) leave traces in memory after just one encounter. This study addressed the question whether these traces are abstract in nature or exemplars. In three experiments, neologisms were either primed by themselves or by their stems. The primes occurred in the visual modality whereas the targets were presented in the auditory modality (Experiment 1) or vice versa (Experiments 2 and 3). The primes were presented in sentences in a selfpaced reading task (Experiment 1) or in stories in a listening comprehension task (Experiments 2 and 3). The targets were incorporated in lexical decision tasks, auditory or visual (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively), or in stories in a self-paced reading task (Experiment 3). The experimental part containing the targets immediately followed the familiarization phase with the primes (Experiment 1), or after a one week delay (Experiments 2 and 3). In all experiments, participants recognized neologisms faster if they had encountered them before (identity priming) than if the familiarization phase only contained the neologisms’ stems (stem priming). These results show that the priming effects are robust despite substantial differences between the primes and the targets. This suggests that the traces novel morphologically complex words leave in memory after just one encounter are abstract in nature.

scholarly journals Morphological priming of inflectional suffixes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Marjanovic ◽  
Davide Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Morphological Priming ◽  
Visual Word Identification ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Complex Words

Morphologically complex words are processed through their constituent morphemes during visual word recognition. While this has been primarily established through the stem priming paradigm, the role of shared affixes is more controversial. Also, most evidence on affix priming comes from derivation, while inflectional priming remains largely unaddressed. Here we present two lexical decision, masked priming experiments filling this gap. Taking advantage of the rich inflectional pattern of Slovene, we assessed inflectional suffix priming (mestam–HALJAM), and compared it to the well-established stem priming effect (haljov–HALJAM): while the latter is solid as expected, the former seems to be weak to non–existing. Results further indicate that there is no interaction between sharing a stem and sharing an inflectional suffix—neither stem nor suffix priming is boosted when primes and targets also share the other morpheme. These data indicate an important difference between stems, derivational affixes and inflectional affixes, which we consider in the context of models of visual word identification and information theory.

Morpho-orthographic segmentation of opaque and transparent derived words: New evidence for Spanish

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182097703
Author(s):  
Miguel Lázaro ◽  
Lorena García ◽  
Víctor Illera
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
New Evidence

Semantic transparency has been extensively analysed in research on visual word recognition. Under the masked priming paradigm, it has consistently been shown that opaque and transparent words are facilitated relative to form-related controls, but differences in priming between one condition and another have not been conclusively proven. Hence, research has been unable to theoretically elucidate the possible value of semantic transparency in the processing of derived words. This study describes two lexical decision experiments in Spanish. Experiment 1 revealed differences between the transparent and orthographic conditions, with no differences between the other conditions in the analyses of the error rates. In the second experiment, the participants visited the laboratory on two occasions, separated by a week. The task was administered twice, with participants responding to one of the experimental lists on each day. The results of this second experiment revealed significant differences in the size of the priming effect of the opaque and transparent conditions compared with the form-related condition, but without differences between these two effects. We discuss these findings from the perspective of current models of visual lexical processing.

scholarly journals The Mechanism Underlying Backward Priming in a Lexical Decision Task: Spreading Activation versus Semantic Matching

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee J. Chwilla ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
C.M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Semantic Matching ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Manipulation Experiment

Koriat (1981) demonstrated that an association from the target to a preceding prime, in the absence of an association from the prime to the target, facilitates lexical decision and referred to this effect as “backward priming”. Backward priming is of relevance, because it can provide information about the mechanism underlying semantic priming effects. Following Neely (1991), we distinguish three mechanisms of priming: spreading activation, expectancy, and semantic matching/ integration. The goal was to determine which of these mechanisms causes backward priming, by assessing effects of backward priming on a language-relevant ERP component, the N400, and reaction time (RT). Based on previous work, we propose that the N400 priming effect reflects expectancy and semantic matching/ integration, but in contrast with RT does not reflect spreading activation. Experiment 1 shows a backward priming effect that is qualitatively similar for the N400 and RT in a lexical decision task. This effect was not modulated by an ISI manipulation. Experiment 2 clarifies that the N400 backward priming effect reflects genuine changes in N400 amplitude and cannot be ascribed to other factors. We will argue that these backward priming effects cannot be due to expectancy but are best accounted for in terms of semantic matching/integration.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in semantic priming effect with a lexical decision task in patients after left hemisphere stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Candice Steffen Holderbaum ◽  
Letícia Lessa Mansur ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT Investigations on the semantic priming effect (SPE) in patients after left hemisphere (LH) lesions have shown disparities that may be explained by the variability in performance found among patients. The aim of the present study was to verify the existence of subgroups of patients after LH stroke by searching for dissociations between performance on the lexical decision task based on the semantic priming paradigm and performance on direct memory, semantic association and language tasks. All 17 patients with LH lesions after stroke (ten non-fluent aphasics and seven non aphasics) were analyzed individually. Results indicated the presence of three groups of patients according to SPE: one exhibiting SPE at both stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), one with SPE only at long SOA, and another, larger group with no SPE.

scholarly journals Perception and representation of Mandarin fricatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Yu-an Lu
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Lexical Decision Tasks ◽  
Decision Tasks

This study investigates the psychological reality of the complementary distributed palatal fricatives [?, ??, ?] and dental fricatives [ts, ts?, s] in Mandarin Chinese. An initial experiment following up on research showing a priming effect between allophonic variants but not between contrastive sounds, was conducted to see the extent to which the dental fricative [s] primes a palatal fricative [?], or vice versa. The results from semantic priming and lexical decision tasks suggest possible representations of the palatal fricative [?] and the dental fricative [s].

Center-Surround or Spreading Inhibition

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Frings ◽  
Christina Bermeitinger ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Category Labels ◽  
Category Exemplars ◽  
Identity Priming ◽  
Positive Effect

In the paradigm of repeated masked semantic priming ( Wentura & Frings, 2005 ), prime and mask are repeatedly and rapidly interchanged. Using this technique in a semantic priming task with category labels as primes and category exemplars as targets (related, e.g., BIRD – swan → BIRD – finch; unrelated, e.g., BIRD – lily → FRUIT – finch), Wentura and Frings found a negatively signed priming effect. Here we used the repeated masking technique with category exemplars as targets and primes (i.e., identity priming) for analyzing, whether this effect reflects center-surround or spreading inhibition. If the repeated masked technique reflects spreading inhibition, a negative effect should also appear for identity priming. In contrast, a center-surround approach would predict a positive effect. In accordance with the latter hypothesis, we found a significant positive effect in identity priming (Experiment 1a) and significant difference to the negatively signed semantic priming effect when primes were category labels (Experiment 1b). This is indicative of the repeated masked semantic priming effect being a negatively signed semantic priming effect due to a center-surround mechanism.

scholarly journals Meaning and words in the conference interpreter’s mind

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Interpreter Training ◽  
The Mind

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine how interpreter training and experience influence word recognition and cross-linguistic connections in the bilingual mental lexicon. Sixty-eight professional interpreters, interpreter trainees (tested at the beginning and end of their training) and bilingual controls were asked to complete a semantic priming study. Priming is a psycholinguistic research method used to examine connections between words and languages in the mind. Data analysis conducted by means of linear mixed models revealed that advanced trainees recognised words faster than beginners, but were not outperformed by professionals. A priming effect was found only in the L1-L2 direction, suggesting similar asymmetries between languages irrespective of the interpreting experience. It is the first study to adopt a priming paradigm and a longitudinal design to examine the interpreters’ mental lexicon. The study shows that word recognition is faster due to interpreter training, but is not modulated further by interpreting experience.

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