Burnout Across Boundaries: Can Parental Burnout Directly or Indirectly Influence Work Outcomes?

Burnout, while historically considered a work-related condition, can be associated with parenting where it can have direct impacts upon parental outcomes and one’s personal resources such as mental health. However, little is known about the domain-incongruent effects of burnout and thus whether parental burnout can manifest within the workplace. The current study uses longitudinal data collected from 499 parents over three intervals across an 8-month period to explore two possible mechanisms. Firstly, a direct relationship is explored by considering whether parental burnout provides incremental validity above job burnout in the prediction of three work outcomes: job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and counterproductive work behaviors. Secondly, it is explored whether depression mediates the relationship between parental burnout and work outcomes. Findings suggest parental burnout may have limited impacts upon work outcomes, providing the impetus for a new direction of research to better understand whether or how burnout in one domain of life can influence the outcomes in other life domains.

Antioxidant and Anti α-amylase Activities of Polar Extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus and Saba senegalensis and the Combinason of their Butanolic Extracts

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health disease, and it affects all segments of the population around the world. The progression of this disease is worrying, 460 million in 2019, the number of diabetics is estimated in 2045 at 700 million worldwide. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the ethyl acetate (EA) and Butan-1-ol (But-ol) fractions of M hirtus and Saba senegalensis are studied in this work. The results revealed that the fractions possessed flavonoid, tannins, terpenes and sterols; and exhibit potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The butanolic fractions exhibited more significantly α-amylase inhibitory activities than the ethyl acetate fractions. The IC50 values of butanolic fractions are 0.099 and 0.41 mg/ml respectively for M hirtus and S Senegalensis versus 0.44 and 1.45mg/ml ethyl acetate fractions. The combined butanol fractions of the two plants do not lead to the expected synergetic activities. Thus, it could be concluded that due to the presence of antioxidant components in the plant, extracts have well prospective for the management of diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress.

Employment outcomes and experiences of people with seeing disability in Canada: An analysis of the Canadian Survey on Disability 2017

Background Many individuals with disabilities face barriers to meaningful employment. Legislation has been put in place to ensure employment equity for individuals with disabilities in Canada. However, little is known about the employment profile and experiences of people with seeing disabilities. Objectives The objectives of our research study were to explore the employment rates of people with seeing disabilities in Canada, the factors associated with being employed, and supports and barriers that affect their work participation. Methods We used the nationally representative data from the Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD) 2017, collected by Statistics Canada. The CSD is a national cross-sectional survey of Canadians 15 years of age and above who face a functional limitation due to a health-related condition, representing more than 6 million (n = 6,246,640) Canadians. Our analyses focused on people who reported having a seeing disability. A subset of the complete dataset was created, focusing on individuals with a seeing disability. Weighted descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for individuals between 25–64 years of age to identify predictors of employment. Results Out of the estimated 892,220 working-age adults (25–64 years) with a seeing disability who were represented by the survey, 54% were employed, 6% were unemployed and 40% were not in the labour force. Early onset of seeing disability (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.32–1.35), less severe seeing disability (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.49–1.53), education above high school (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.97–2.02) and daily use of the internet (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.41–2.51) were positively related with employment. The top three employment accommodations that were needed and were made available included: modified work hours (45%); work from home (38.5%) and a modified workstation (37%). The top three needed but least available accommodations were technical aids (14%), communication aids (22%) and a computer with specialized software or adaptation (27%). Overall, 26% reported that an accommodation was required but was not made available by the employer. While 75% of individuals with a seeing disability were out of the labour force due to their condition, the remaining identified barriers that prevented them from working which included (top 3): (i) too few jobs available (20%); (ii) inadequate training/experience (19%), (iii) past attempts at finding employment were unsuccessful (19%). Conclusion Adults with seeing disability in Canada experience lower labour force participation than the general population. Rigorous programs are required to assist them with the job search, job retraining and workplace accommodations. It is important for governments to improve efforts towards inclusive education and develop strategies that promote digital literacy of employees and job seekers with visual impairments. Although accessibility legislations have been put in place, programs should be established that provide accessibility solutions for various employers, enabling them to hire individuals with different abilities.

Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder

“Severe domestic squalor” or Diogenes syndrome is characterised by extreme self-neglect of environment, health, and hygiene, excessive hoarding, squalor, social withdrawal, and a distinct lack of concern or shame regarding one’s living condition. This report presents a case of a 51-year-old male admitted to the hospital psychiatric ward following the police removing him from his home. Police officers attended the man’s home following the alarm being raised by his stepfather that he had not been seen or heard from in 3 weeks. His home was covered in several feet of rubbish, rotting food, and debris and smelled intensely of rotting mould, urine, and faeces. He was found lying nude on top of garbage with a rug over him. Diogenes syndrome is highly comorbid with psychiatric and somatic disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorder, and stress. This case report provides a rare opportunity to better understand the distinction of Diogenes syndrome from the closely related condition hoarding disorder. Furthermore, creating an agreed-upon constellation of symptoms representative of Diogenes is essential to creating a formal Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) entry, which would facilitate the much-needed development of assessment measures to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Primary Aldosteronism, Aldosterone, and Extracellular Vesicles

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is an endocrine related condition leading to arterial hypertension due to inappropriately high and unregulated aldosterone concentration. Recently, a broad spectrum of PA has been recognized, which brings new challenges associated with early identification of this condition that affect renal epithelial and extrarenal tissues. Reports have shown the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV cargo as novel and complementary biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of PA. In vivo and in vitro studies have identified specific EV surface antigens, EV-proteins, and EV microRNAs that can be useful to develop novel diagnostic algorithms to detect, confirm, or follow up the PA. Moreover, the study of EVs in the field of PA provides further insight in the pathophysiological mechanism of the PA disease.

Smoking Cessation in Stroke Survivors in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis

Background and Purpose: Continued smoking after stroke is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence and other cardiovascular disease. We sought to comprehensively understand the epidemiology of smoking cessation in stroke survivors in the United States. Furthermore, we compared smoking cessation in stroke and cancer survivors because cancer is another smoking-related condition in which smoking cessation is prioritized. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an annual, nationally representative health survey. Using pooled data from 2013 to 2019, we identified stroke and cancer survivors with a history of smoking. We used survey procedures to estimate frequencies and summarize quit ratios with attention to demographic and geographic (state-wise and rural-urban) factors for stroke survivors. The quit ratio is conventionally defined as the proportion of ever smokers who have quit. Then, we used multivariable logistic regression to compare quit ratios in stroke and cancer survivors while adjusting for demographics and smoking-related comorbidities. Results: Among 4 434 604 Americans with a history of stroke and smoking, the median age was 68 years (interquartile range, 59–76), and 45.4% were women. The overall quit ratio was 60.8% (95% CI, 60.1%–61.6%). Quit ratios varied by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and several geographic factors. There was marked geographic variation in quit ratios, ranging from 48.3% in Kentucky to 71.5% in California. Furthermore, compared with cancer survivors, stroke survivors were less likely to have quit smoking (odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.67–0.79]) after accounting for differences in demographics and smoking-related comorbidities. Conclusions: There were considerable demographic and geographic disparities in smoking quit ratios in stroke survivors, who were less likely to have quit smoking than cancer survivors. A targeted initiative is needed to improve smoking cessation for stroke survivors.

Enlightening the Brahmamudra- As Per Yogmimansa in Management of Manyastambh w.s.r. to Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a degenerative and age-related condition affecting neck joints. It is also known as cervical osteoporosis. This is usually found in men and women at the age of 40 years or above. The aim of present study to reduces the symptoms and increases in functional activities of elderly patients with spondylosis before and after Bramhamudra.(Yoga posture) In this clinical study, total 30 patients were enrolled. All patients were treated on Brahmamudra fallowed by micro exercise and diet on the day of enrollment and after 30 day with the schedule as 0th 7th 15th 30th day fallow up. There is no drop out. Clinical assessment done on day 1st and 30th day of fallow up, shows results of improvement in all the assessment criteria in neck region. Neck pain and the symptoms was assessed examination (X-ray, MRI) by symptomatic score used by VAS (Visual analog scale), physical examination through ROM (range of movement), cervical disability score questionnaire, radiological and examination by pathological test (uric acid, ESR, RA factor, BMD in the patient willing to do) on the day of enrollment. Then after fallow up the neck pain was examination by symptomatic score used by VAS, physical examination through ROM, cervical disability score questionnaire (radiological and examination by pathological test if required). In conclusion, a combination of Yoga with diet control is found to be effective in reducing pain, and facilitating improvement in functional status of elderly people suffering from CS.

An Observational Study to Assess Samprapti Ghataka in Cervical Spondylosis with Special Reference to Radiological Findings

The western lifestyle, characterized by convenience food, television and PC’s taking its all on children as well as adults and is producing increased number of overweight, passive youngsters with lifestyle diseases. Spondylosis is degenerative inter vertebral disc with secondary proliferative osteoarthritis. Disc spaces collapse and associated ligament thickening and bony proliferation result in nerve root compression and narrowing of spinal canal. Cervical spondylosis which is a degenerative disorder in which structural and also functional derangements take place. It is an age related and also work-related disability usually found in the 30-60 years of age group. According to Ayurveda it is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vikara. There is no exact clinical entity mentioned in classics like cervical spondylosis, but it can be compared to Greevastambha, Apabahuka, Vishwachi Manyastamba, Manyagraha, Shirograham, Greevahundanam, Greevasandhigatavata. Cervical Spondylosis also known as cervical osteoarthritis or neck arthritis, is a common age-related condition that affects the joints and discs in our neck.

The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty

Frailty is an aging related condition, which has been defined as a state of enhanced vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Cognitive impairment is also frequent in older people, often accompanying frailty. Age is the main independent risk factor for both frailty and cognitive impairment, and compelling evidence suggests that similar age-associated mechanisms could underlie both clinical conditions. Accordingly, it has been suggested that frailty and cognitive impairment share common pathways, and some authors proposed “cognitive frailty” as a single complex phenotype. Nevertheless, so far, no clear common underlying pathways have been discovered for both conditions. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key fine-tuning regulators in most physiological processes, as well as pathological conditions. Importantly, miRNAs have been proposed as both peripheral biomarkers and potential molecular factors involved in physiological and pathological aging. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking changes of selected miRNAs expression with frailty and cognitive impairment. Overall, miR-92a-5p and miR-532-5p, as well as other miRNAs implicated in pathological aging, should be investigated as potential biomarkers (and putative molecular effectors) of cognitive frailty.

Hearing Loss and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiology, Common Pathophysiological Findings, and Treatment Considerations

In recent years, there has been increasing research interest in the correlation between hearing impairment and cognitive decline, two conditions that have demonstrated a strong association. Hearing loss appears as a risk factor for cognitive impairment, especially among certain populations, notably nursing home residents. Furthermore, hearing loss has been identified as a modifiable age-related condition linked to dementia, and it has been estimated that midlife hearing loss, if eliminated, might decrease the risk of dementia in the general population. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the pathologic connections between hearing loss and dementia; however, clear evidence is missing, and the common pathophysiological basis is still unclear. In this review, we discussed current knowledge about the relationship between hearing loss and dementia, and future perspectives in terms of the effects of hearing rehabilitation for early prevention of cognitive decline.