The processing of derivational morphology in Korean–English bilingual readers

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAY YOUNG KIM ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
IN YEONG KO
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Bilingual Readers ◽  
Cross Language

Three experiments using a priming lexical decision paradigm were conducted to examine whether cross-language activation occurs via decomposition during the processing of derived words in Korean–English bilingual readers. In Experiment 1, when participants were given a real derived word and an interpretable derived pseudoword (i.e., illegal combination of a stem and a suffix) in Korean as a prime, response times for the corresponding English-translated stem were significantly faster than when they had received an unrelated word. In Experiment 2, non-morphological ending pseudowords (i.e., illegal combination of a stem and an orthographic ending) were included, and this did not show a priming effect. In Experiment 3, non-interpretable derived pseudowords also yielded a significant priming effect just as the interpretable ones. These results together suggest that cross-language activation of morphologically complex words occurs independently of lexicality and interpretability.

scholarly journals Memory for affixes in a long-lag priming paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Gaston ◽  
Linnaea Stockall ◽  
Sarah VanWagenen ◽  
Alec Marantz
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Stark Contrast ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Identity Priming

Psycholinguistic research on the processing of morphologically complex words has largely focused on debates about how/if lexical stems are recognized, stored and retrieved. Comparatively little processing research has investigated similar issues for functional affixes. In Word or Lexeme Based Morphology (Aronoff, 1994), affixes are not representational units on par with stems or roots. This view is in stark contrast to the claims of linguistic theories like Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz, 1993), which assign rich representational content to affixes. We conducted a series of eight visual lexical decision studies, evaluating effects of derivational affix priming along with stem priming, identity priming, form priming and semantic priming at long and short lags. We find robust and consistent affix priming (but not semantic or form priming) with lags up to 33 items, supporting the position that affixes are morphemes, i.e., representational units on par with stems. Intriguingly, we find only weaker evidence for the long-lag stem priming effect found in other studies. We interpret this asymmetry in terms of the salience of different morphological contexts for recollection memory.

scholarly journals Is a Step through the Door a Way to Take a Doorstep? A Psycholinguistic Study on Polish Compound Words

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 205-230
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Hwaszcz
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Test Current

The present study concentrates on the organization of the mental lexicon with regard to semantic transparency in the representation of Polish compounds. Its aim was to test current approaches to the processing of morphologically complex words in a lexical decision experiment with the use of visually presented Polish compound and simple words. The existing psycholinguistic approaches centre around the same question: are complex words parsed into their constituent parts or are they stored as full-word representations in the human mental lexicon? I referred to five widely acknowledged models of morphological processing to account for the outcomes of the present study. The data reveal that: i transparent compounds primed by words semantically related to the heads of these transparent compounds elicited faster response times than opaque compounds within the same condition; and ii priming speeds up the processing for both transparent and opaque compounds. The results indicate that the processing of Polish compound words is influenced by semantic transparency and that both transparent and opaque compounds are decomposed into their constituents prior to lexical access.

Reading English with Japanese in mind: Effects of frequency, phonology, and meaning in different-script bilinguals

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOJI MIWA ◽  
TON DIJKSTRA ◽  
PATRICK BOLGER ◽  
R. HARALD BAAYEN
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Times ◽  
English Word ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Activation Model ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Japanese Word ◽  
Cross Language

Previous priming studies suggest that, even for bilinguals of languages with different scripts, non-selective lexical activation arises. This lexical decision eye-tracking study examined contributions of frequency, phonology, and meaning of L1 Japanese words on L2 English word lexical decision processes, using mixed-effects regression modeling. The response times and eye fixation durations of late bilinguals were co-determined by L1 Japanese word frequency and cross-language phonological and semantic similarities, but not by a dichotomous factor encoding cognate status. These effects were not observed for native monolingual readers and were confirmed to be genuine bilingual effects. The results are discussed based on the Bilingual Interactive Activation model (BIA+, Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002) under the straightforward assumption that English letter units do not project onto Japanese word units.

THE STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF MORPHOLOGICALLY COMPLEX WORDS IN L2 SPANISH

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Foote
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Lexical Decision Tasks ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Contrast Studies

Research with native speakers indicates that, during word recognition, regularly inflected words undergo parsing that segments them into stems and affixes. In contrast, studies with learners suggest that this parsing may not take place in L2. This study’s research questions are: Do L2 Spanish learners store and process regularly inflected, morphologically complex words like native speakers? Does this depend on proficiency? Does type of inflection (verbal or adjectival) play a role? Native speakers, advanced learners, and intermediate learners of Spanish completed two lexical-decision tasks. Response times were measured to target words (verbs or adjectives) preceded by masked primes that were either identical to the targets, morphologically, orthographically, or semantically related, or unrelated. All groups responded more quickly to targets when they were preceded by identical and morphologically related primes than when they were preceded by unrelated primes, with no differences due to either proficiency or inflection type.

Forward versus backward semantic priming: What movement dynamics during lexical decision reveal

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506-1511
Author(s):  
Sean HK Kang ◽  
Luke G Eglington ◽  
Melvin J Yap
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Kinematic Measures ◽  
Hand Mouse ◽  
Shed Light

Separate processes underlying forward (e.g., crescent MOON) and backward (e.g., office POST) priming have previously been inferred from button-press lexical decision response times, with an automatic prospective mechanism and a strategic retrospective mechanism presumed responsible for forward and backward priming, respectively. We tracked hand/mouse kinematics during lexical decision, and found that forward, backward, and symmetrical (e.g., cat DOG) priming exhibited different movement trajectories, with the effect of forward priming emerging earlier than that of backward priming and with symmetrical priming taking the lead around the time when the backward priming effect came online. The findings provide strong converging evidence for different mechanisms driving forward and backward priming, and demonstrate that continuous kinematic measures can shed light on cognitive processes as they unfold in real time.

Acquisition of compound words in Chinese–English bilingual children: Decomposition and cross-language activation

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENXI CHENG ◽  
MIN WANG ◽  
CHARLES A. PERFETTI
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Cross Language

ABSTRACTThis study investigated compound processing and cross-language activation in a group of Chinese–English bilingual children, and they were divided into four groups based on the language proficiency levels in their two languages. A lexical decision task was designed using compound words in both languages. The compound words in one language contained two free constituent morphemes that mapped onto the desired translations in the other language, such as tooth(牙) brush(刷).Two types of compound words were included: transparent (e.g., toothbrush) and opaque (e.g., deadline) words. Results showed that children were more accurate in judging semantically transparent compounds in English. The lexicality of translated compounds in Chinese affected lexical judgment accuracy on English compounds, independent of semantic transparency and language proficiency. Implications for compound processing and bilingual lexicon models are discussed.

Word recognition in deaf readers: Cross-language activation of German Sign Language and German

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
OKAN KUBUS ◽  
AGNES VILLWOCK ◽  
JILL P. MORFORD ◽  
CHRISTIAN RATHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Deaf Readers ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
German Sign Language

ABSTRACTThis study addressed visual word recognition in deaf bilinguals who are proficient in German Sign Language (DGS) and German. The study specifically investigated whether DGS signs are activated during a monolingual German word recognition task despite the lack of similarity in German orthographic representations and DGS phonological representations. Deaf DGS–German bilinguals saw pairs of German words and decided whether the words were semantically related. Half of the experimental items had phonologically related translation equivalents in DGS. Participants were slower to reject semantically unrelated word pairs when the translation equivalents were phonologically related in DGS than when the DGS translations were phonologically unrelated. However, this was not the case in Turkish–German hearing bilinguals who do not have sign language knowledge. The results indicate that lexical representations are associated cross-linguistically in the bilingual lexicon irrespective of their orthographic or phonological form. Implications of these results for reading development in deaf German bilinguals are discussed.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE OF NON-SELECTIVE LEXICAL ACCESS IN CHILDREN FROM A PORTUGUESE-ENGLISH BILINGUAL SCHOOL

PROLÍNGUA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-197
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Arêas da Luz Fontes ◽  
Luciana De Souza Brentano ◽  
Pâmela Freitas Pereira Toassi ◽  
Catherine Sittig ◽  
Ingrid Finger
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
English Version ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Bilingual School

The issue of language selectivity regarding lexical access of bilingual adults has been thoroughly reported in the literature. However, studies with bilingual children are still limited, especially in the Brazilian context. To fill this gap, the present study was conducted with the goal of investigating whether the same cognate facilitation effect reported for bilingual adults is also true for bilingual children. To do so, two experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1, 53 Portuguese-English bilingual children from 3rd and 7th grade took part in a lexical decision task which had a Portuguese and an English version. In Experiment 2, 18 English monolinguals performed the English version of the lexical decision task. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the cognate effect was evident for the two groups of bilinguals when the task was performed in the L2- English, even though no statistical difference between the two groups of bilinguals was found. When performing the task in the L1 – Portuguese, the bilingual groups showed no cognate effect, which suggests that these participants had not reached a level of proficiency in which the L2 can influence L1 processing. The results of Experiment 2 showed no cognate facilitation effect for monolinguals, indicating that the results of the bilingual participants, in the English version of the lexical decision task, were indeed due to the cognate status of the words of the bilingual's two languages. In short, the present results favor the nonselective view of lexical access and the effect of proficiency in the perception of cross language similarity.

EXPRESS: Do both WRAP and TRAP inhibit the recognition of the French word DRAP? Impact of orthographic markedness on cross-language orthographic priming

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110487
Author(s):  
Eva Commissaire
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Orthographic Coding ◽  
Orthographic Priming ◽  
Cross Language

We investigated lexical and sub-lexical orthographic coding in bilingual visual word recognition by examining interactions between orthographic neighborhood and markedness. In three experiments, French/English bilinguals performed a masked lexical decision task in French (L1) in which orthographically related prime words could be either marked or unmarked English (L2) words, compared to unrelated primes (e.g., wrap, trap, gift – DRAP, meaning sheet). The results yielded an overall inhibition priming effect, which was unexpectedly more robust in the marked condition than in the unmarked one. This result highlights the need to integrate both lexical competition and orthographic markedness in bilingual models such as BIA/+ and determine how the latter may modulate lexical processing in bilinguals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document