Molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia in 1987—2015

Aim. To simultaneously analyze HIV-1 samples from all Russian regions to characterize the epidemiology of HIV infection in the country as a whole. Subjects and methods. The most extensive study was conducted to examine nucleotide sequences of the pol gene of HIV-1 samples isolated from HIV-positive persons in different regions of Russia, with the diagnosis date being fixed during 1987—2015. The nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 genome were analyzed using computer programs and on-line applications to identify a virus subtype and new recombinant forms. Results. The nucleotide sequences of the pol gene were analyzed in 1697 HIV-1 samples and the findings were that the genetic variant subtype A1 (IDU-A) was dominant throughout the entire territory of Russia (in more than 80% of all infection cases). Other virus variants circulating in Russia were analyzed; the phenomenon of the higher distribution of the recombinant form CRF63/02A in Siberia, which had been previously described in the literature, was also confirmed. Four new recombinant forms generated by the virus subtype A1 (IDU-A) and B and two AG recombinant forms were found. There was a larger genetic distance between the viruses of IDU-A variant circulating among the injecting drug users and those infected through heterosexual contact, as well as a change in the viruses of subtype G that caused the outbreak in the south of the country over time in 1988—1989. Conclusion. The findings demonstrate continuous HIV-1 genetic variability and recombination over time in Russia, as well as increased genetic diversity with higher HIV infection rates in the population.

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Initiation, changes in use and effectiveness of highly active anti-retroviral therapy in a cohort of injecting drug users

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268802007495 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. 325-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. M. EGEA ◽

R. MUGA ◽

G. SIRERA ◽

B. CLOTET ◽

J. TOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Drug Users ◽

Injecting Drug Users ◽

Calendar Period ◽

Relative Hazard ◽

Hospital Records ◽

Reference Category ◽

Clinical Endpoints ◽

Highly Active ◽

Over Time

The prevalence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) use over time and the incidence of AIDS in a cohort of HIV-seroconverting injecting drug users (IDUs) were assessed by means of a hospital-based study of IDUs with a well documented date of HIV infection. Use of ART and clinical endpoints were assessed by hospital records. Three calendar periods (before 1992, 1992–6 and 1997–2000) were defined as corresponding to modalities of ART available. Prevalence of ART usage in each calendar period, changes in medication and, hazard of AIDS in patients reaching the same duration of HIV infection at different calendar periods were analysed. In total, 132 IDUs with a median age of 23 years at seroconversion were followed up for 6.8 years (median) (range 0.2–15.7). At the end of the study, 58 patients (44%) had developed AIDS. Before the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) 12% of patients were on ART. Starting in 1997, an increasing proportion were receiving HAART with a prevalence of 39.5% by January 2000. Taking 1992–6 as the reference category the relative hazard of AIDS during 1997–2000 was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.1–1.1) (P = 0.09). A 40% penetration of HAART in a cohort of IDUs with known dates of seroconversion resulted in a 58% reduction of the hazard of AIDS.

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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIV INFECTION IN NORTHERN SEAPORTS OF RUSSIA

Voprosy Virusologii ◽

10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-4-154-161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 154-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. V. Kazennova ◽

V. Yu. Laga ◽

K. B. Gromov ◽

M. N. Sankov ◽

E. S. Popova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Central Asia ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

East European ◽

Subtype B ◽

The Common ◽

Former Ussr ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Regions Of Russia

The results of the molecular-epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating in Arkhangelsk and Murmansk - northern seaports of Russia - were presented. In these seaports the HIV-1 variants belonging to subtype A1 were predominant (93% in Murmansk, 83% in Arkhangelsk). In addition to these variants, viruses of other subtypes such as B, C, D and recombinant forms CRF02_AG and CRF03_AB were identified. The heterogeneity of circulating HIV-1 variants was higher in Arkhangelsk than in Murmansk. According to the results of phylogenetic analysis, subtype A1 sequences formed the common branch with nucleotide sequences of IDU-A strains found in other regions of Russia. HIV-1 variants of subtype B sub-clustered with sequences of East European B-variants. The recombinant strains CRF02_AG formed the common branch with HIV-1 sequences from Central Asia republics of the former USSR. Among 124 therapy-naive patients from Arkhangelsk and Murmansk (n = 124) the transmitted resistance was less than 5%.

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Phylogenetic analysis in epidemiological investigations of cases of HIV infection

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases (Russian Journal) ◽

10.17816/eid40769 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

T. P. Sandyreva ◽

N. A. Gerasimova ◽

N. A. Lopatukhin ◽

N. A. Kireev ◽

N. A. Kuevda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Epidemiological Investigation ◽

Hiv 1

Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of HIV-1 variants was applied in epidemiological investigation of the case of the group incidence of HIV infection for identification of the genetic relatedness and verification of clinical and epidemiological findings. The article also raises issues the solution of which will improve the quality of the performance of such investigations.

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Interactive Effects of Morphine on HIV Infection: Role in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/953678 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pichili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽

Sudheesh Pilakka-Kanthikeel ◽

Shailendra K. Saxena ◽

Zainulabedin Saiyed ◽

Madhavan P. N. Nair

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Injection Drug Users ◽

Drug Users ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Neural Dysfunction

HIV epidemic continues to be a severe public health problem and concern within USA and across the globe with about 33 million people infected with HIV. The frequency of drug abuse among HIV infected patients is rapidly increasing and is another major issue since injection drug users are at a greater risk of developing HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunctions compared to non-drug users infected with HIV. Brain is a major target for many of the recreational drugs and HIV. Evidences suggest that opiate drug abuse is a risk factor in HIV infection, neural dysfunction and progression to AIDS. The information available on the role of morphine as a cofactor in the neuropathogenesis of HIV is scanty. This review summarizes the results that help in understanding the role of morphine use in HIV infection and neural dysfunction. Studies show that morphine enhances HIV-1 infection by suppressing IL-8, downregulating chemokines with reciprocal upregulation of HIV coreceptors. Morphine also activates MAPK signaling and downregulates cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Better understanding on the role of morphine in HIV infection and mechanisms through which morphine mediates its effects may help in devising novel therapeutic strategies against HIV-1 infection in opiate using HIV-infected population.

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