Assessment of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes According to Induction Methods Following Negative Oxytocin Challenge Test

Purpose: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in high-risk patients who had negative OCTs and to investigate the effects of methods of induction on the development of fetal distress. Methods: The hospital records of patients were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Results: OCT was performed in 551 patients and was negative in 447 patients. Among patients with a negative OCT, labor induction was preferred in 427 (95.5%) patients. When fetal distress development was assessed according to the induction method used following a negative OCT, and fetal distress developed in 9.1% of 427 patients who underwent labor induction. Conclusion: When outcomes were considered in pregnant women with a negative OCT, it was observed that there were no fetal deaths and a limited number of newborns with low Apgar scores. Further randomized studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.

Quality of automatic geocoding tools: a study using addresses from hospital record files in Temuco, Chile

Automatic geocoding methods have become popular in recent years, facilitating the study of the association between health outcomes and the place of living. However, rather few studies have evaluated geocoding quality, with most of them being performed in the US and Europe. This article aims to compare the quality of three automatic online geocoding tools against a reference method. A subsample of 300 handwritten addresses from hospital records was geocoded using Bing, Google Earth, and Google Maps. Match rates were higher (> 80%) for Google Maps and Google Earth compared with Bing. However, the accuracy of the addresses was better for Bing with a larger proportion (> 70%) of addresses with positional errors below 20m. Generally, performance did not vary for each method for different socioeconomic status. Overall, the methods showed an acceptable, but heterogeneous performance, which may be a warning against the use of automatic methods without assessing quality in other municipalities, particularly in Chile and Latin America.

A Five-year retrospective hospital-based study on epidemiological data regarding human Leishmaniasis in West Kordofan state - Sudan

Background Leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by the Leishmania parasites genus. The estimation of this disease is very important to inform the health care policymakers and the governments to applied proper health and economic policies. Thus, this study aimed, to find out the frequency and distribution of human leishmaniasis in West Kordofan state, based on sex and age during 5 years- Sudan. Methods Five years retrospective study from 2016 through 2020 was carried out using local hospital records of leishmaniasis patients. The age and gender of each patient were recorded. The collected data were analysed using STATA package version 16. Results A total of 162,443 patient records from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved. Of these, 4.39% were found to be positive for leishmaniasis. The disease has been more common in males (65.3%) than in females (, 34.7%). The highest reported prevalence (6.58%) was in patients 15-44 years old, which was, and the lowest prevalence (1.95%) was among patients in ≥65-year-old. Conclusion The current study indicates that leishmaniasis is endemic in the study area even though the numbers of patients in the five consecutive years were varying. Besides, the disease was common in males and adults.

Metformin significantly lowers the mortality rate in diabetic COVID-19 patients

Introduction: This study evaluates the effect of glycemic control and anti-diabetic agents on the prognosis of diabetic COVID-19 patients. Method: The study includes diabetic patients who were treated and followed up in our hospital because of COVID-19 between 1 June 2020 and 1 January 2021. Patients with any additional comorbidity were excluded from the study. The demographic data of the patients, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and radiological examination results were obtained retrospectively from the hospital records system.Results: A total of 207 diabetic patients consisted of 125 (60.4%) males and 82 (39.6%) females were included to this study. The mortality rate in cases using metformin was found to be statistically significantly lower than in cases using other drugs (p=0.016; p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the HbA1c and glucose measurements of the cases according to mortality (p>0.05).Discussion: Metformin treatment in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should not be stopped, other than in cases with severely hypoxic advanced stage chronic renal failure. Metformin can be recommended as a preventative drug to increase survival in diabetic patients with COVID-19. Nevertheless, there is a need for more evidence and more extensive studies to investigate the protective effects of metformin in COVID-19 patients and in similar viral infections.

CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL CAVITY CANCER

Introduction: Cancer of the oral cavity is a malignant tumor that can occur in the lips, oral structures and region under the tongue. They are cancers that often affect male patients aged 40 years and over. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer from 2015 to 2019 in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study of quantitative approach was conducted through data from patients living in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais with diagnosis of oral cavity neoplasia in hospital records of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results and discussion: In the historical series analyzed, 312 cases of cancer of the oral cavity were identified. Conclusion: The patients who were diagnosed with cancer in the oral cavity were mostly men aged between 50 and 69 years, the association between concomitant use of tobacco and alcoholic beverages was present in the vast majority of cases. Health professionals' efforts are needed for early diagnosis through educational actions and primary prevention.

PROFILE OF ESOPHAGUS NEOPLASMS RELATED TO THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES:

Introduction: Esophageal neoplasia presents a high morbidity and mortality rate, associated with males and the esolist habit. Objective: to describe the profile of esophageal neoplasia related to alcohol consumption between 2015 and 2019 in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study of quantitative approach was conducted through data from patients diagnosed with esophageal neoplasia in hospital records of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results and discussion: 525 cases of esophageal neoplasia were recorded in the period evaluated. Alcohol consumption was positive in 88.1% of the cases. Conclusion: The data indicate a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and esophageal neoplasia. These data should encourage the establishment of public policies for health education measures in relation to alcohol consumption and smoking habits.

PENIS CANCER PROFILE IN PATIENTS RESIDENT IN MINAS GERAIS

Introduction: Penile cancer are rare neoplasms, being more frequent in men aged 50 years or older, although it may affect men of any age. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, poor intimate hygiene, HPV infections, among others, are risk factors for this type of cancer. Objective: To know the profile of penile cancer in patients living in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study of quantitative approach was conducted through data from patients diagnosed with penile cancer in hospital records of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results and discussion: In the period from 2015 to 2019, 573 diagnoses of penile cancer were recorded in the database of the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA). Conclusion: Men aged between 50 and 74 years, married, brown and with incomplete high school were identified, the main occupation was agricultural worker. It is essential that in order to face this problem, men's health is considered routinely and systematically in the routine health services.

Characteristics of unintentional ingestion of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics in preschool children

We characterised accidental ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and non-opioid analgesics in children aged 0–5 years between 2009 and 2019 by analysing records of telephone consultations with the Croatian Poison Control Centre (CPCC) and cases treated at the Children’s Hospital Zagreb (CHZ). Among the total of 466 identified cases (411 from CPPCC records and 55 from CHS hospital records), the most frequently ingested drugs were ibuprofen (47 %), paracetamol (20 %), ketoprofen (15 %), and diclofenac (11 %). In 94 % of the cases unsupervised children ingested the drug left within their reach. The remaining 6 % were dosing errors by parents or caregivers and involved liquid formulations as a rule. Our findings can serve as real-life examples informing preventive measures.

P-BN49 The predictive role of white cell and platelet count for infective complications following splenectomy

Background Temporary elevation of white cell count (WCC) and platelets are commonly observed after splenectomy and can therefore make it difficult for the surgeon to distinguish a normal physiological response from potential infection. Clinicians are often misled by elevated post-operative WCC after splenectomy, resulting in delayed discharges and prolonged unnecessary hospital stays for patients. The aim of this study was to establish what constitutes a normal rise in WCC and platelets after splenectomy. Methods All 127 patients who had undergone a splenectomy between July 2016 and January 2021 were identified from a search of our centre's hospital episode statistics data. WCC and platelet count on post-operative days one to seven as well as at least one long-term follow-up result count were identified from electronic hospital records. Hospital records were searched for data on pre-operative steroid administration and peri-operative infections. These cohort data were retrospectively analysed in SPSS using stepwise logistic regression, correlation analysis, and T-tests, as well as descriptive statistics. Results 86 (68%) patients underwent an elective splenectomy and 41 (32%) an emergency splenectomy. 35 (27.6%) patients developed infections post-operatively, while 92 (72.4%) did not. Logistic regression suggested that a raised WCC (above 17.5x109/L) at day 3 post-op was a significant predictor of infection (p &lt; 0.001): average WCC at day 3 for patients with infection was 20.00x109/L (SD = 6.23x109/L) compared to 14.86x109/L (SD = 4.01x109/L) for those without. Infective outcomes were not influenced by whether the surgery was emergency or elective. Overall, average WCCs were 9.63x109/L pre-operatively and 15.07x109/L long-term post-operatively. Even in the absence of infection, splenectomy led to a long-term rise in WCC of 3.8x109/L from baseline, to an average of 13.0x109/L [SD = 5.41x109/L): a T-test on the 56 patients without infection and with both pre-op and long-term WCCs showed a mean rise of 3.76x109/L, p &lt; 0.0001). Platelet count was not correlated with infection, though platelet counts rose from a mean of 261 × 109/L (SD = 103.4x109/L) pre-operatively to 581 × 109/L (SD = 236.3x109/L) at 7-day and 619 × 109/L (SD = 293.5x109/L) at long-term follow up across all patients – an average increase of 357 × 109/L, which did not significantly differ between patients with and without infective complications. Conclusions A rise in WCC and platelet count is normal post-splenectomy. A rise in WCC&gt;17.5x109/L on day 3 post-splenectomy is strongly correlated with infection (regardless of trauma or platelet count). Long-term follow up suggests that while much of the WCC increase is transient, WCC remains higher than pre-operatively, as does platelet count, in post-splenectomy patients. A raised WCC or platelet count without signs of infection should not preclude timely discharge in otherwise well patients.

Mental Disorders Forecast Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in 1.7 Million New Zealanders

Neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), have an outsized impact on disability and loss of independence in older adults. As such, there is a growing need to identify modifiable risk factors for ADRD at the population level. We conducted a nationwide administrative-register study to investigate mental disorders as a potential preventable risk factor for later-life ADRD. Data were drawn from the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure, a collection of whole-of-population administrative data sources linked at the individual level by a common spine. We identified all individuals born in New Zealand between 1928-1967 and followed them for three decades (N = 1,711,386; observation period = 1988-2018; age at baseline = 21-60 years). Diagnoses of mental disorders were ascertained from public-hospital records. Diagnoses of ADRD were ascertained from public-hospital records, mortality records, and pharmaceutical records. Individuals with a mental disorder were at elevated risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias relative to those without a mental disorder. This prospective association was evident in both men and women, across age, and after accounting for pre-existing physical diseases. If associations are causal, ameliorating mental disorders could extend population healthspan and reduce the societal burden of neurodegenerative diseases.