Effect of rectal temperature on efficiency of artificial insemination and embryo transfer technique in dairy cattle during hot season

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rectal temperature (RT) as well as artificial insemination (AI) technique on pregnancy rates in Holstein cows and artificial insemination or embryo transfer (ET) techniques in Holstein heifers during summer. The experiments were conducted on five dairy farms in Hungary, where 1 631 data were examined. The RT was measured immediately before reproductive techniques using a digital thermometer. The effects of animal group and month on RT were analysed. The enhancement of RT until September can be seen in heifers, but the highest RT of cows occurred during July. In line with the enhancement of RT the pregnancy rate decreased in all groups; the lowest (cows) and the highest (heifers) value was observed in July. Moderate to high negative coefficients of correlation were detected between rectal temperature and pregnancy rate for particular groups (r = −0.3 – −0.7). More than 92% of ET, 48% and 16% of inseminated heifers and cows were pregnant up to the category of 39.1<sup> </sup>°C of RT, above this it did not change considerably in the inseminated groups. In inseminated animals with RT higher than 39.1 °C significantly higher services per conception could be observed contrary to ET heifers. ET may become a more effective strategy to improve pregnancy success in heifers compared to AI during summer.

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Improving of pregnancy rate by modifying embryo transfer technique

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.085 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. e68

Author(s):

Lionel Dessolle

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Embryo Transfer Technique

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152 EFFECT OF EMBRYO TRANSFER AFTER ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON THE CONCEPTION RATE IN DAIRY COWS UNDER HEAT STRESS IN SOUTHERN JAPAN

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv23n1ab152 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

M. Tani ◽

C. Tani ◽

K. Tomokawa ◽

D. Funakoshi ◽

M. Sakatani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Summer Period ◽

Temperature Humidity Index ◽

Southern Japan ◽

Humidity Index

A serious decline in the reproductive performance of dairy cows occurs in southern Japan in the summer period, when the total number of hot days ≥35°C numbers more than 20 days annually. Previous reports have mentioned the effectiveness of embryo transfer (ET) at 7 days after AI (AI/ET) under heat-stressed conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AI/ET on conception rate (CR) under heat-stressed conditions in the summer period. Artificial insemination was performed at 13 commercial dairies in this study from August through September in 2007 and 2008. Seven days after AI, a single embryo was transferred into the uterine horn contralateral to the ovary with a corpus luteum (AI/ET, n = 82). Artificial insemination at oestrus without further treatment was assigned as the control group (AI, n = 367). In 2007, frozen–thawed embryos of Japanese Black cattle were transferred, and the same cattle were used for ET of fresh embryos in 2008. The temperature-humidity index [0.8 × temperature + 0.01 ×relative humidity (temperature –14.4) + 46.4], rectal temperature, and diurnal highest or lowest and average ambient temperatures were measured at the time of AI and ET. Cows were diagnosed for pregnancy at 42 days after AI by palpation per rectum and were reexamined by transrectal ultrasonography at 60 days after AI. The CR was calculated as the number of cows diagnosed as pregnant 60 days after AI divided by the number of cows inseminated. Fetal loss was calculated as the number of cows that did not deliver calves after term divided by the number of cows diagnosed as pregnant. The CR, number of AI, fetal loss, and type of newborn (Holsteins, AI origin; Japanese Black, ET origin) were confirmed retrospectively. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used for comparison of the CR, fetal loss, and body temperature by using a statistical software program for PC (Excel Statistics 2006). The CR for AI/ET was 30.4% and for AI was 13.8% in 2007 (P < 0.01), and the CR for AI/ET was 30.8% and for AI was 21.5% in 2008 (P = 0.294). The average diurnal temperature was 31.1°C in 2007 and 30.1°C in 2008, and the temperature-humidity index was 81.8 and 80.8, respectively. On Day 8, the pregnant cows had a lower rectal temperature than the open cows in 2007, but not in 2008 (38.9 v. 39.4°C in 2007; P < 0.05; and 39.1 v. 38.9°C in 2008; P > 0.05). The fetal loss was 38.1% in AI/ET v. 7.4% in AI in 2007 (P < 0.05) and 12.5% v. 0% in 2008 (P < 0.05), respectively. The AI/ET procedure could improve CR in dairy cows during the summer period in southern Japan. However, other problems may accompany AI/ET, such as higher fetal losses.

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Improvement of pregnancy rate by modification of embryo transfer technique: a randomized clinical trial

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.046 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 2424-2426 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tahereh Madani ◽

Mahnaz Ashrafi ◽

Nadia Jahangiri ◽

Akram Bahman Abadi ◽

Narges Lankarani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Embryo Transfer Technique

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P-061. Hard to believe, hardly discussed, nevertheless very important for the IVF/ICSI results: embryo transfer technique can double or halve the pregnancy rate

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.149 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 12 (Suppl_2) ◽

pp. 149-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

N. Naaktgeboren ◽

F.C. Broers ◽

I. Heijnsbroek ◽

E. Oudshoorn ◽

H. Verburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Embryo Transfer Technique

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Evaluation of follicular growth and progesterone production in Bos taurus cows strategically treated with insulin

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5supl1p2287 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽

pp. 2287

Author(s):

Andressa Stein Maffi ◽

Mityelle da Costa Chaves Rodrigues ◽

Lucas Balinhas Farias ◽

Joabel Tonellotto dos Santos ◽

Gabriela Bueno Luz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Control Group ◽

Follicular Growth ◽

Insulin Group ◽

Vaginal Device

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of strategic insulin administration on follicular growth, progesterone production, and pregnancy rate in beef cattle. Two experiments were conducted, in experiment 1, 215 cows crossbreed cows (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) (Control Group, n = 109; Insulin Group, n = 106) were submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) with application of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone on day 0. On day 9, the device was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered with 12.5 mg of dinoprost and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin for the treated animals. On day 11, artificial insemination (AI) was performed on all animals. On days 9 and 11 according to the protocol, was evaluated follicular growth and estrus manifestation, and 30 days after AI the pregnancy rate. In experiment 2, 85 cows were utilized, including Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, and crossbreeds (Control Group, n = 49 and Insulin Group, n = 36), and were submitted to the protocol for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), and progesterone concentrations were evaluated. On day 0, the cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone. On day 5 of the protocol, 0.150 mg of cloprostenol was administered. On day 8, the vaginal device was removed and 20 mg of purified porcine pituitary extract and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin was given to the animals in the treatment group, and on day 9, 1 mg of estradiol benzoate was administered. On day 17, an embryo transfer was performed and blood collection for evaluation of progesterone levels in animals submitted to FTET were collected. In experiment 1, the follicular growth rate and the pregnancy rate were similar between groups (P > 0.05) and in experiment 2, the production of P4 was not different between the animals that received the insulin application and the control group. The utilization of a single dose of insulin for beef cows did not affect the ovulatory follicular diameter, progesterone concentrations, or pregnancy rate.

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Fresh or Frozen Embryo Selection in Embryo Transfer: Live Birth Rates and Obstetric and Fetal/Neonatal Results

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404817666210223163145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Nurcan Kırca ◽

Meryem Öngen

Keyword(s):

Embryo Transfer ◽

Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation ◽

Embryo Selection ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽

Embryo Freezing ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Reproductive Techniques ◽

Thawing Process ◽

Embryo Transfer Technique

: Assisted reproductive techniques used in the treatment of infertility have been promising methods for infertile individuals. Embryo selection and embryo transfer are an important part of assisting reproductive techniques. The selection of the embryo to be transferred is important for the implantation and clinical pregnancy success. In addition, whether to use a fresh embryo or frozen embryo for embryo transfer is a controversial issue. While the fresh embryo transfer technique is widely used, the frozen embryo transfer technique has become widespread. The main factor in choosing the method of freezing the embryos is to avoid the negative effects of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on endometrial receptivity. Therefore, it is thought that the use of frozen embryos can improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce the risk of developing obstetric and perinatal problems. However, in the embryo freezing technique, there are problems such as the risk of developing degeneration in the embryo during freezing or thawing process and postponing the transfer. In addition, adverse conditions have been reported such as an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders in the mother and macrosomia in the baby.

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