Morphological study of the testis of adult Sudanese Chicken : gallus domesticus

Morphological study of the testis of adult Sudanese Chicken : gallus domesticus The adult chicken testes were two bean - shaped , large and soft , the left testis is usually higher in position and larger in size than the right one . The testis is active during cold weather with the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules being 126^m in the chicken . it is less active during the hot season with the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules being 135^m in the chicken. The non - breeding season seemed to be characterized by a decline in the spermatogenic activity only and not by complete spermatogenesis

The Effects of Short-term Pm 2.5 Exposure on Pulmonary Function Among Children With Asthma——A Panel Study in Shanghai, China

BackgroundFine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 mm (PM2.5) has been reported to be an important risk factor for asthma. Our study was designed to evaluate the relationship between air PM2.5 and lung function among children with asthma in Shanghai, China. MethodsFrom 2016 to 2019, a total of 70 Chinese children aged 4 to 14 in Pudong, Shanghai were recruited for this panel study. Upon entry to the group, questionnaire was used to collect basic information, and the lung function covering forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were carried out for each child more than two times during follow-up. Meanwhile, the simultaneous daily air atmospheric pollutants and meteorological data were collected. The linear mixed effect (LME) model was used to assess the relationship between air pollutants and lung function adjusting other covariates like sex, age, season and so on. ResultsA significantly negative association was found between PM2.5 level and lung function in children with asthma. In the single-pollutant model, the largest effect of PM2.5 on lung function were found on lag 0-2, FVC and FEV1 decreased by 0.91% [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.75, -0.07] and 1.05% (95% CI: -2.09, 0.00) for every 10 mg/m3 increase of PM2.5. In the multi-pollution model (adjusted PM2.5+SO2+O3), the maximum effect of PM2.5 on FVC and FEV1 also appeared on lag 0-2, FVC and FEV1 decreased by 1.57% (95% CI: -2.69, -0.44) and 1.67% (95% CI: -3.05, -0.26) for every 10 mg/m3 increase of PM2.5, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, boys, children and hot season more were sensitive. ConclusionThe short-term exposure of ambient PM2.5 is a risk factor for the lung function of children with asthma, particularly in boys, preschoolers (<6 years old) and in the hot season.

Neonatal adjustments in respiratory and pulse rates in tropical breeds of buck-kids and doelings

Background The transition to pulmonary respiration and the termination of foetal cardiovascular shunts is expected to commence immediately after birth. Subsequently, alveolar ventilation and tissue perfusion must be established, despite the challenge of extra-uterine environmental conditions, which could be quite demanding, even to the adult animals. The current study evaluated neonatal adjustment and diurnally induced changes in respiratory and pulse rates in kids of Red Sokoto, Sahel and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in a tropical climate. Results Morning and afternoon respiratory rates started decreasing (P < 0.05) in the second week of birth. The pulse rate in the morning hours rose (P < 0.05) on Day 1 with no significant fluctuation subsequently, while the pattern in the afternoon hours showed a progressive decrease (P < 0.05) after birth. Apart from the day of birth, respiratory rate on other days increased significantly from morning to afternoon hours. The afternoon pulse rate was higher (P < 0.05) on the day of birth, but lower (P < 0.05) on Day 2 as compared to the morning values; and no diurnal difference was observed in subsequent days. The WAD goats had significantly higher respiratory and pulse rates than Red Sokoto and Sahel kids, especially in the afternoon hours. Similarly, the values were higher (P < 0.05) in doelings than buck-kids during the morning hours. The correlation between respiratory and pulse rates was positive (P < 0.05) and the strength of the association increased with age. Conclusion It was concluded that the afternoon rise in ambient temperature induced the establishment of a clear diurnal variation in respiratory rate 24 h postnatal, while the diurnal variation in pulse rate was weak and irregular. The tropical climate may be quite challenging to the attainment of physiological stability in respiratory and cardiovascular functions of neonatal goat kids, especially during the hot season.

Effect of Adding SAPs Polymers and Spraying With Organic Fertilizer on The Vegetative and Root Growth Characteristics of Lawns

The experiment was carried out in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture - Anbar University for the period from 1/4/2020 to 31/1/2021 to experience the effectiveness of adding SAPs, spraying with organic fertilizers and the interaction between them in the vegetative and root growth characteristics of the lawn. The polymers were used in three concentrations (0, 20, 40) g kg-1 soil, while the organic fertilizer was in four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) ml.L-1. A factorial experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the addition of polymers at the level of 40 g kg-1 soil had significant differences in the average plant density, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 47.83 plant 100 cm-2, 25.20 cm, 36.85% and 89.36 mg g-1 for hot season and 29.17%, 36.19 m mg-1 for cold season. The high concentration of organic fertilizer 1.5 ml L-1 showed significant differences in plant density, number of branches in the crown area, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 46.00 plant 100 cm-2, 9.10 branch plant-1, 25.14 cm and 36.41%, 87.80 mg g-1 for hot season and 29.04%, 33.99 mg g-1 for cold season. The interaction treatment between the level of application of polymers 40 g kg-1 soil and the treatment of adding organic fertilizer 1.5 ml L-1 showed significant differences in the number of branches, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 9.83 branch plant-1, 27.36 cm and 39.65%, 99.31 mg g-1 for hot season and 33.44%, 42.10 mg g-1 for cold season.

Static and dynamic thermal characterization of facade with mineral foam insulation using a hot-box apparatus

Reducing heat loss through the envelope of the building had been an efficient way to save on heating and reduce energy consumption of buildings. In Europe, typical exterior walls need to prevent heat loss during cold weather but more and more allow comfortable temperature condition during the hot season. Indoor comfort in hot seasons is dependent on the thermal transmittance and on its dynamic response during hot days. The study presents guarded hot-box measurements of exterior walls build with insulating masonry and insulation boards made of innovative mineral foam used as an insulation material. The masonry is a composite system of concrete block filled with mineral foam to reduce the thermal transmittance. Insulation boards are made of mineral foam and are added to achieve the overall thermal transmittance targeted. Static and dynamic measurements were performed in order to compare thermal transmittance and decrement delay. The results are compared with those obtained from calculations carried out of the same walls through the application of European standards and a finite volume simulation. Uncertainties of the guarded hot-box measurement and calculation methods are discussed. Results shows that with equivalent U-values, the solution offer higher decrement delay compared to a traditional wall using conventional masonry and polystyrene insulation boards.

Stroke Seasonality and Weather Association in a Middle East Country: A Single Tertiary Center Experience

Background: Stroke is a medical condition that leads to major disability and mortality worldwide. Some evidence suggests that weather and seasonal variations could have an impact on stroke incidence and outcome. However, the current evidence is inconclusive. Therefore, this study examines the seasonal variations and meteorological influences on stroke incidence and outcome in the largest city in Saudi Arabia.Methods: From February 2016 to July 2019, we retrospectively reviewed data from all patients with acute ischemic (AIS) or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) admitted to the stroke unit in a tertiary academic center in Saudi Arabia. The corresponding daily meteorological data were obtained for the same period. We considered the months from November to March as the cold season and April to October as the hot season.Results: The final cohort included 1,271 stroke patients; 60.89% (n = 774) cases occurred in the hot season, while 39.1% (n = 497) in the cold season. Males accounted for 69.6% (n = 884) of the cases. The proportion of ischemic stroke was 83.2% [hot season 83.9% (n = 649) vs. cold season 82.3% (n = 409)]. We found no statistically significant difference between seasons (hot or cold) in stroke incidence, severity [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], hospital course (pneumonia, thromboembolism, intensive care stay, or length of stay), or outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) on discharge and death].Conclusions: In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, our study found no impact of weather or seasonal variations on stroke incidence, hospital course, or outcomes. However, our findings warrant further research in different country regions.

PSVI-6 Effect of season on the feeding behaviour and kinetics of daily feed intake of high-prolific sows during lactation

Heat stress can cause changes in the feeding behaviour of lactating sows. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of season on the feeding behavior and kinetics of daily feed intake of modern high prolific sows under tropical conditions. A total of 80 high-prolific mixed parity sows divided into 10 batches of 8 sows each were used. Individual feeding behaviour was recorded during the ad libitum period (between d 1 and 23 of lactation), using an Automated Intelligent Feeder (AIF; Gestal Solo, Jyga Technology, Canada). Daily feed intake during lactation was affected by season (P &lt; 0.001), and the feed intake was less during the hot season (5.66 vs. 7.23 g/d; Figure 1a). The daily ingestion time was less in the hot season (36.8 vs. 72.3 min/ d; P&lt; 0.01) and the ingestion time per meal was also lower in the hot compared to the cool season (5.7 vs. 7.5 min/ meal; P &lt; 0.05). The hot season showed a lower (P &lt; 0.01) rate of daily intake when compared to the cool season (36.8 vs. 72.3 g/ min). Sows showed a higher diurnal feed intake (3,546 vs. 2,901 g/ d), whereas meal frequency was not affected (4.2 meals/ d, on average). Irrespective of the season, the nycthemeral pattern of feed intake peaked twice daily: between 0200 and 0900 h and between 1600 and 2000 h (Figure 1b).The present study confirms that lactating sows do not change much their feeding pattern according to season, meaning that they tend to keep the same feeding behaviour during both seasons, with a more pronounced intake between 0200 and 0900 am, approximately 80% of their total daily intake. Sows may not change feeding pattern according to season, but reduce significantly voluntary feed intake under hot climate conditions in order to reduce the thermal effect of feed.

Efficiency of Infrastructure Services in Khor Al-Zubair City (Iraq) Firas Sami Abdulaziz Alqatrani1 and Amira

The aim of the research is to demonstrate the concept, characteristics, efficiency and adequacy of infrastructure in Khor Al-Zubair, as it represents an important benchmark for judging the development of the city. The researchers thus aim to measure the efficiency, adequacy and personal impression of each service in Khor Al-Zubair city and its residential neighborhoods. To meet this objective, the researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach that involves randomly distributing a questionnaire with specific questions to the neighbors of the city. The study has reached a set of results and recommendations that contribute to addressing the problems to the sector of infrastructure services in the city, such as: the per capita share of liquid water in Khor Al-Zubair has reached 100 liters/day, which is less than the quota specified, 450 liters/day by the Iraqi standard. This results in a deficit of 77.2% of the total amount of water that must be provided per person. In addition to the deficiency there is also a decrease in the quality of liquefied water in Khor Al-Zubair city due to its high level of salinity in it, which reached 916 TDS in 2020. Further, there is a deficit of electrical power of 10 megawatts, leading the city to be exposed to regular interruption of electrical current of about six hours per day, where the hours of interruption increase in the hot season of the year.

Development of an Evaporating Type Air Cooler for Ventilation Systems

Постановка задачи. Подаваемый в помещения воздух в жаркое время года должен быть охлажден до комфортных температур. В связи с тем, что дополнительного расхода энергии на это охлаждение не предусмотрено, возможно применить воздухоохладитель испарительного типа. Однако известные в настоящее время результаты экспериментальных и теоретических исследований таких аппаратов не позволяют их проектировать, что препятствует их распространению. Рассмотрено строение такого аппарата и выполнены его теоретические и экспериментальные исследования, результаты которых могут быть использованы для инженерного расчета и конструирования подобных аппаратов. Результаты. Описан сконструированный авторами воздухоохладитель испарительного типа для систем вентиляции. Проведено теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование воздухоохладителя. Получены аналитические соотношения для определения времени движения насадки в «мокрой» камере аппарата, температуры охлажденного воздуха и температуры насадки в любом сечении контура циркуляции. Получены эмпирические соотношения для коэффициента эффективности охладителя и его гидравлического сопротивления. Выводы. Полученные зависимости послужат основой для разработки методики проектного расчета воздухоохладителей косвенно-испарительного типа с перемещающимся псевдоожиженным слоем в поле центробежных сил. Statement of the problem. The air supplied to the premises during the hot season must be cooled to comfortable temperatures. Due to the fact that additional energy consumption for this cooling is not provided, it is possible to use an evaporative-type air cooler. However, the currently known results of experimental and theoretical studies of such devices do not allow for their design, which prevents their spread. The structure of such an apparatus is considered and its theoretical and experimental studies are carried out, the results of which can be used for engineering calculation and design of such apparatus. Results. An evaporative-type air cooler designed by the authors for ventilation systems is described. A theoretical and experimental study of the air cooler has been carried out. Analytical relationships were obtained for determining the time of movement of the material checker in the «wet» chamber of the apparatus, the temperature of the cooled air and the temperature of the checker in any section of the circulation loop. Empirical relationships have been obtained for the efficiency coefficient of the cooler and its hydraulic resistance. Сonclusions. The obtained dependencies will serve as the basis for the development of a methodology for the design calculation of indirect-evaporative air coolers with a moving fluidized bed in the field of centrifugal forces.