Recreational use of prescription medications among Canadian young people: Identifying disparities

Recreational use of beaches may threaten some beach-nesting shorebirds in southern Australia. Temporary Beach Closures, comprized of a 50 x 25 m exclusion zone around a shorebird nest, represent a promising technique for altering human behaviour by reducing both disturbance to birds and inadvertent crushing of eggs by beach visitors. We assessed whether three commonly employed configurations of Temporary Beach Closures (sign, fence, and warden) were effective at: (1) achieving compliance among beach visitors, and (2) reducing egg-crushing rates. Overall, 93.7% of beach visitors complied with all Temporary Beach Closures, resulting in a reduction in egg-crushing rates within, as opposed to adjacent to, Temporary Beach Closures. Levels of compliance were high in all Temporary Beach Closure configurations (88.0–99.4%), and similar levels of compliance were achieved within the three configurations. Human compliance was highest for females and when the density of beach-users was higher, while individuals aged <20 and >61 years were less likely to comply with Temporary Beach Closures. Despite an increased probability of compliance on high density beaches, this did not translate into a reduction in egg crushing rates on such beaches, because the overall number of noncompliant individuals remained higher. We conclude any Temporary Beach Closure configuration is meritorious, and that their use on high and low-use recreational beaches will benefit breeding shorebirds by reducing the rate of egg-crushing. Targeting demographics that display lower levels of compliance, such as men, young people (i.e. <21), and older people (i.e. >60), may further improve the effectiveness of Temporary Beach Closures in enhancing the conservation of shorebirds.

Download Full-text

How Well Do Young People Follow the Label? An Investigation of Four Classes of Over-the-Counter Drugs

Journal of Public Policy & Marketing ◽

10.1177/074391569801700108 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 70-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Pam Scholder Ellen ◽

Paula Fitzgerald Bone ◽

Elnora W. Stuart

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Mental Health Counselors ◽

Recommended Dosage ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Significant Incidence ◽

Peer Approval ◽

Media Reports ◽

Recreational Use

Media reports, medical professionals, mental health counselors, and existing research suggest that some young people fail to follow the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) required labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Indeed, anecdotal evidence suggests young people are misusing some OTC products by taking more than the recommended dosage and/or taking them for purposes other than those intended by the FDA or the manufacturer. In a nonprobability sample, the authors find a significant incidence of OTC drug misuse. More than half of the past-30-day OTC drug uses were over the recommended dosage—some of which were intentional (i.e., the user knowingly took more than recommended), some unintentional (i.e., the user was unaware that he or she was taking more than recommended). A smaller percentage used OTC drugs for off-label, recreational purposes (e.g., getting high). Intentional overuse and recreational use are related positively to peer approval of overuse of OTC medicines. In addition, both uses increase as risk perceptions decrease. Recreational use appears to be similar to illicit drug use, in that recreational users tend to have lower self-esteem and place a greater value on independence relative to academic achievement.

Download Full-text

Recreational use of forests by young people

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Jolanta Barbara Cichowska

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Young People ◽

University Students ◽

School Students ◽

Forest Use ◽

Recreational Use ◽

Sanitary State ◽

Forest Activities

AbstractThe article is a continuation of research conducted in 2016–2017, whose goal was to determine expectations and needs of young people regarding forests. In this study, attention is focused on different preferences of high-school students and university students. Frequency and reasons for which high-school students visit forests have been studied. Forms of forest activities preferred by the respondents as well as familiarity of young people with the sanitary state of the woodlands, the role of biocoenosis in the ecosystem and its significance for people have been analysed. The respondents’ knowledge of rules to be followed when being in a forest, use of its resources and major threats to this ecosystem have been studied.

Download Full-text

Seizure-Induced by Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors for Recreational Use: An Emerging Problem Among Young People!

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.3109/10826084.2014.957774 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 137-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rocco Salvatore Calabrò ◽

Rosaria De Luca ◽

Tina Balletta ◽

Margherita Russo ◽

Antonino Naro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ◽

Recreational Use ◽

Phosphodiesterase 5

Download Full-text

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Drug-Drug Interactions

Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids ◽

10.1159/000507998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 61-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul T. Kocis ◽

Kent E. Vrana

Keyword(s):

Drug Interaction ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Metabolic Enzyme ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Medical Cannabis ◽

Specific Medication ◽

Drug Drug Interaction ◽

Initial Source ◽

Recreational Use

Although prescribing information (PI) is often the initial source of information when identifying potential drug-drug interactions, it may only provide a limited number of exemplars or only reference a class of medications without providing any specific medication examples. In the case of medical cannabis and medicinal cannabinoids, this is further complicated by the fact that the increased therapeutic use of marijuana extracts and cannabidiol oil will not have regulatory agency approved PI. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed and comprehensive drug-drug interaction list that is aligned with cannabinoid manufacturer PI. The cannabinoid drug-drug interaction information is listed in this article and online supplementary material as a PRECIPITANT (cannabinoid) medication that either INHIBITS/INDUCES the metabolism or competes for the same SUBSTRATE target (metabolic enzyme) of an OBJECT (OTHER) medication. In addition to a comprehensive list of drug-drug interactions, we also provide a list of 57 prescription medications displaying a narrow therapeutic index that are potentially impacted by concomitant cannabinoid use (whether through prescription use of cannabinoid medications or therapeutic/recreational use of cannabis and its extracts).

Download Full-text

Time-Use Patterns and the Recreational Use of Prescription Medications Among Rural and Small Town Youth

The Journal of Rural Health ◽

10.1111/jrh.12103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 217-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ariel Pulver ◽

Colleen Davison ◽

William Pickett

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Small Town ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Recreational Use

Download Full-text

Kratom-induced transaminitis with subsequent precipitated opioid withdrawal following naltrexone

Mental Health Clinician ◽

10.9740/mhc.2021.05.220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 220-224

Author(s):

Aimee N. Jensen ◽

Quynh-Nhu Truong ◽

Melanie Jameson ◽

Celeste N. Nadal

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Case Reports ◽

The United States ◽

Opioid Withdrawal ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Herbal Supplement ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Us Fda ◽

Recreational Use

Abstract Kratom is an herbal supplement that has gained popularity for recreational use within the United States. Kratom exerts opioid-like effects and, although not US FDA approved, is commonly used for self-treatment of pain, withdrawal management from opioids, and euphoria. Drug-related hepatic injury has been associated with kratom use. All of this raises concern for patient safety and monitoring. The potential for additive liver toxicity must be considered when kratom is used concurrently with hepatotoxic, over-the-counter, herbal, and prescription medications. This case report describes a case of kratom-induced liver inflammation complicated by opioid withdrawal that was precipitated by initiation of IM naltrexone. To our knowledge, there are no published case reports related to opioid withdrawal following naltrexone administration in patients using kratom (without other opioids). The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate potential complications that may arise with kratom use and considerations that should be taken prior to initiation of naltrexone in kratom users.

Download Full-text