General Salts + Sodium Bicarbonate Solutions v1 (protocols.io.bpfkmjkw)

The a.-c. electrolysis of sodium carbonate solutions at voltages as high as 110, even when arcing occurs on the electrodes, does not cause the evolution of carbon dioxide. In the a.-c. electrolysis of aqueous bicarbonate solutions with platinum electrodes, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide are evolved freely until all the bicarbonate has been transformed to carbonate, after which the evolution of carbon dioxide ceases and only hydrogen and oxygen are given off. In a.-c. electrolysis of sodium bicarbonate solutions and solutions of the sodium salts of aliphatic acids, a deposit of finely divided platinum is formed on the electrodes. This deposit inhibits the evolution of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen, but does not affect the current flow. The decomposition potential of bicarbonate solutions in respect to the evolution of carbon dioxide on smooth platinum and with d.c. was found to be 2.2 volts, and of carbonate solutions, 3.5 volts. The anodic discharge potential of HCO3− is − 1.45 to − 1.50 volts, and of CO3−−, − 1.90 to − 1.95 volts. The evolution of carbon dioxide does not appear to cause any polarizing effect on the anode.

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Comparison of the effects of intravenous administration of isotonic and hypertonic sodium bicarbonate solutions on venous acid-base status in dehydrated calves with strong ion acidosis

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association ◽

10.2460/javma.236.10.1098 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 236 (10) ◽

pp. 1098-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alparslan Coskun ◽

Ismail Sen ◽

Hasan Guzelbektes ◽

Mahmut Ok ◽

Kursat Turgut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Intravenous Administration ◽

Acid Base ◽

Acid Base Status ◽

Bicarbonate Solutions

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Zero balance ultrafiltration using dialysate during nationwide bicarbonate shortage: a retrospective analysis

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery ◽

10.1186/s13019-019-0986-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Mullane ◽

Lance Fristoe ◽

Nicholas W. Markin ◽

Tara R. Brakke ◽

Helen Mari Merritt-Genore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Medical Center ◽

Academic Medical Center ◽

Serum Bicarbonate ◽

Academic Medical ◽

Historical Group ◽

Blood Potassium ◽

Bicarbonate Solutions

Abstract Background Zero balance ultrafiltration (Z-BUF) utilizing injectable 8.4% sodium bicarbonate is utilized to treat hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The nationwide shortage of injectable 8.4% sodium bicarbonate in 2017 created a predicament for the care of cardiac surgery patients. Given the uncertainty of availability of sodium bicarbonate solutions, our center pro-actively sought a solution to the sodium bicarbonate shortage by performing Z-BUF with dialysate (Z-BUF-D) replacement fluid for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Single-center, retrospective observational evaluation of the first 46 patients at an academic medical center who underwent Z-BUF using dialysate over a period of 150 days with comparison of these findings to a historical group of 39 patients who underwent Z-BUF with sodium chloride (Z-BUF-S) over the preceding 150 days. The primary outcome was the change in whole blood potassium levels pre- and post-Z-BUF-D. Secondary outcomes included changes in pre- and post-Z-BUF-D serum bicarbonate levels and the amount of serum bicarbonate used in each Z-BUF cohort (Z-BUF-D and Z-BUF-S). Results Z-BUF-D and Z-BUF-S both significantly reduced potassium levels during CPB. However, Z-BUF-D resulted in a significantly decreased need for supplemental 8.4% sodium bicarbonate administration during CPB (52 mEq ± 48 vs. 159 mEq ± 85, P < 0.01). There were no complications directly attributed to the Z-BUF procedure. Conclusion Z-BUF with dialysate appears to be analternative to Z-BUF with sodium chloride with marked lower utilization of intravenous sodium bicarbonate.

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The Effect of Ammonium Chloride and Fluid Velocity on the Corrosion Behavior of Copper in Sodium Bicarbonate Solutions

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/1.3583007 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 707-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Akkaya ◽

J. R. Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Ammonium Chloride ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Cold Water ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Anodic Process ◽

Bicarbonate Solutions ◽

Soldering Flux

Abstract The effect of ammonium chloride additions on the corrosion behavior of copper in 1 N sodium bicarbonate solutions has been characterized using a rotating ring-ring linear cyclic voltammetry technique. The experimentation and solution compositions used were selected to account for an unusually high incidence of pitting found to occur on interior surfaces of copper cold-water plumbing fixtures in the vicinity of neutral soldering flux residues. Although concentrations of ammonium chloride above 0.05 N were found to result in an increase of corrosion rate often attributed to the stabilization of a cuprous ion complex metal dissolution reaction product, under freely corroding conditions in an air-saturated solution, corrosion of copper metal would occur by an anodic process in which current was distributed between both soluble metal ions (cuprous and cupric ions) and insoluble corrosion product deposits. Although increases in applied potential or relative fluid velocity produced increases in the total corrosion rate, there was also a change in current distribution between the various components of the overall anodic process. Results from this study suggest that soluble and insoluble corrosion products (cathodically or anodically generated during a single linear polarization cycle) affect corrosion behavior during either successive cycles or extended exposure periods to such an extent that sole reliance on single-cycle anodic polarization behavior for the prediction of long-term corrosion resistance for copper and its alloys should be avoided.

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