The Effect of Ammonium Chloride and Fluid Velocity on the Corrosion Behavior of Copper in Sodium Bicarbonate Solutions

CORROSION ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akkaya ◽  
J. R. Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Anodic Process ◽  
Bicarbonate Solutions ◽  
Soldering Flux

Abstract The effect of ammonium chloride additions on the corrosion behavior of copper in 1 N sodium bicarbonate solutions has been characterized using a rotating ring-ring linear cyclic voltammetry technique. The experimentation and solution compositions used were selected to account for an unusually high incidence of pitting found to occur on interior surfaces of copper cold-water plumbing fixtures in the vicinity of neutral soldering flux residues. Although concentrations of ammonium chloride above 0.05 N were found to result in an increase of corrosion rate often attributed to the stabilization of a cuprous ion complex metal dissolution reaction product, under freely corroding conditions in an air-saturated solution, corrosion of copper metal would occur by an anodic process in which current was distributed between both soluble metal ions (cuprous and cupric ions) and insoluble corrosion product deposits. Although increases in applied potential or relative fluid velocity produced increases in the total corrosion rate, there was also a change in current distribution between the various components of the overall anodic process. Results from this study suggest that soluble and insoluble corrosion products (cathodically or anodically generated during a single linear polarization cycle) affect corrosion behavior during either successive cycles or extended exposure periods to such an extent that sole reliance on single-cycle anodic polarization behavior for the prediction of long-term corrosion resistance for copper and its alloys should be avoided.

Long-Term Ammonium Chloride or Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment in Two Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente E. Torres ◽  
Benjamin D. Cowley Jr. ◽  
Michael G. Branden ◽  
Izumi Yoshida ◽  
Vincent H. Gattone
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Polycystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Polycystic Kidney

Simulation of The State of Carbon Steel n Years After Disposal with n Years of Corrosion Product on its Surface in a Bentonite Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kojima ◽  
Toshinobu Hioki ◽  
Shigeo Tsujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
The State ◽  
Corrosion Product Layer ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractThe use of bentonite as buffer and carbon steel as overpack material for the geological disposal of nuclear waste is under investigation. To better assess the long term integrity of the carbon steel overpack, a quantitative analysis of the corrosion behavior on the steel surface for time frames beyond that of feasible empirical determination is required. The state n years after disposal, consisting of Carbon Steel / Corrosion Products + Bentonite / Water, was simulated and the corrosion behavior of the carbon steel in this state investigated. The following facts became apparent. Both the corrosion rate and the non-uniformity of it increased with increase in the corrosion product content in the compacted bentonite. When the corrosion product layer was formed between the carbon steel and the bentonite, it ennobled the corrosion potential and increased the corrosion rate.

scholarly journals The Long-term Corrosion Behaviors of SLM 316L Stainless Steel Immersed in Artificial Saliva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei LI ◽  
Chiate LIU ◽  
Yaohua LIANG ◽  
Xiaotong CHEN ◽  
Zhibiao YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an effective method to produce highly corrosion resistant Oral Alveolar Implants (OAI) by changing the scanning speed. Nevertheless, the long-term corrosion behavior of SLM 316L orthodontic bracket alloys in artificial saliva is overlooked in previous studies. In this study, 316L SS samples fabricated by SLM at different scanning speeds (800 mm/s, 1200 mm/s, and 1600 mm/s) were conducted a long-term (90 days) immersion test by being put into artificial saliva with three different pH values (pH 1.5, pH 4, and pH 6). The morphology, XRD and especially corrosion behavior of the samples fabricated by SLM and forging were investigated. The XRD results exhibit that high-speed scanning accelerates the cooling rate and inhibits the δ → γ phase transformation proceeding. Corrosion results show that the corrosion attack induced by pre-existing pores will expand through the crevices and break down the surface structure around the pores, leading to corrosion damage area to expand to several times of the original pore area. Besides, the mean corrosion rate of the sample at a scanning speed of 800 mm/s shows better corrosion resistance in artificial saliva of pH 4 and pH 6. Compared with wrought 316L SS samples, the SLM 316L SS samples had an obvious difference in the performance of corrosion rate and corrosion behaviors.

Corrosion Behavior for Casing in Producing Well with Water Injection Technology during Long-Term Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 1168-1173
Author(s):  
Xin Sun ◽  
Rong Li Nan ◽  
Bo Zhao Shu ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Li Juan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Oxygen Condition ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Injection Technology

Corrosion leakage became serious due to cyclic sewage injection and continuous increase in water injection pressure. Corrosion behavior for N80 casing was studied during long-term service, using corrosion reaction kettle and weight loss method. The morphology and composition were characterized with laser confocal microscopy (LCM), scan electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). These results showed that corrosion rate remained constantly at initial stage, and increased gradually, then sharply reached to 0.327mm/a at later stage, accompanying with inflection point under oxygen condition. Meanwhile, corrosion rate decreased significantly from 0.028mm/a to 0.020mm/a under oxygen-free condition. The corrosion of N80 steel was dominated by dissolved oxygen, and accelerated by chloridion. The micro-mechanism was suggested to be the transition of defect structure from crack with micron range to etch pit with millimeter range.

Corrosion Behavior of X70 Pipeline Steel and Corrosion Rate Prediction Under the Combination of Corrosive Medium and Applied Pressure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Li ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Guangxu Cheng ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Haijun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
X70 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure

Natural gas transmission pipeline is prone to internal corrosion due to the combination of corrosive impurities in the pipe (such as CO2, H2S and chlorides) and applied pressure of the pipeline, which seriously affects the safe operation of the pipeline. In this work, the corrosion behavior of a typical X70 pipeline steel was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The polarization and EIS data under different CO2 partial pressures (0–1 atm), H2S concentrations (0–150 ppm), chloride concentrations (0–3.5 wt%) and tensile stress (0–400 MPa) were obtained. The results show that corrosion rate increases with the increase of CO2 partial pressure and chloride concentration, respectively, while first increases and then decreases with the increase H2S concentrations. The corrosion rate is less affected by elastic tensile stress. In addition, a quantitative prediction model for corrosion rate of natural gas pipeline based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was established by fitting the experimental data which maps the relationship between the key influencing factors (i.e. CO2 partial pressure, H2S concentration, chloride concentration and tensile stress) and the corrosion rate. The prediction results show that the relative percentage errors of the predicted and experimental values are relatively small. The prediction accuracy of the model satisfies the engineering application requirement.

Long-term corrosion behavior of martensitic steel welds in static molten Pb–17Li alloy at 550°C

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizhang Chen ◽  
Qibing Yuan ◽  
Bruce Madigan ◽  
Wei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Steel Welds

Long-term corrosion behavior and biocompatibility testing of titanium-based alloy covered with nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Popa ◽  
C. Vasilescu ◽  
S. I. Drob ◽  
J. Hmeljak ◽  
A. Coer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Biocompatibility Testing

Brain pH responses to sodium bicarbonate and Carbicarb during systemic acidosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. H1316-H1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Shapiro ◽  
M. Whalen ◽  
R. Kucera ◽  
N. Kindig ◽  
G. Filley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Bicarbonate Therapy ◽  
Brain Ph ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Intracellular Alkalinization

Rats subjected to ammonium chloride-induced metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis caused by hypercapnia were given alkalinization therapy with either sodium bicarbonate or Carbicarb. Ammonium chloride induced dose-dependent systemic acidosis but did not affect intracellular brain pH. Hypercapnia caused dose-dependent systemic acidosis as well as decreases in intracellular brain pH. Sodium bicarbonate treatment resulted in systemic alkalinization and increases in arterial PCO2 in both acidosis models, but it caused intracellular brain acidification in rats with ammonium chloride acidosis. Carbicarb therapy resulted in systemic alkalinization without major changes in arterial PCO2 and intracellular brain alkalinization in both acidosis models. These data demonstrate that bicarbonate therapy of systemic acidosis may be associated with "paradoxical" intracellular brain acidosis, whereas Carbicarb causes both systemic and intracellular alkalinization under conditions of fixed ventilation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document