scholarly journals HOW CAN THE HUMAN RIGHTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK ADDRESS THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS EXTRATERRITORIALLY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
M. Lazarenko ◽  
I. Chernohorenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
European Regional ◽  
Inter State

The armed conflict in Ukraine has been ongoing since 2014. As to date, the total number of recorded deaths has exceeded ten thousands civilians and combatants. Every day, i.e. during the present research, this number has been increasing. As outlined above, the European regional system of human rights protection, epitomised by the ECtHR, addresses this challenge within two interrelated tracks: individual and inter-State applications. The research focuses on landmark decisions of international, regional, and domestic courts in terms of human rights extraterritorially by way of establishing human rights duty-bearer jurisdiction outside states’ boundaries based on effective control test. It scrutinizes the jurisprudence of the ECtHR in terms of inconsistency between Bankovic and Aj-Jedda cases. In turn, the paper aims to model extraterritorial application of human rights law in Ukraine v. Russia inter-State applications (re Crimea and re Eastern Ukraine) based on Loizidou precedent as well as describes new forms of Russia’s violations of human rights in Crimea.

The Fallacy of Effective Human Rights Protection under Relevant Treaty Law when Armed Groups Commit Violations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Rodenhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
International Human

Chapter 5 adds to the contemporary discourse on human rights obligations of non-state armed groups by showing that in many situations, there is a clear legal need for these obligations. This chapter first engages in the debate on whether and to what extent certain human rights treaties address armed groups directly. Second, it shows that under the law of state responsibility, states are generally not responsible for human rights violations committed by non-state entities. Third, it recalls that under international human rights law, states have an obligation to protect human rights against violations committed by armed groups. However, it argues that because this cannot be a strict obligation but is one that depends on states’ capacities and the particular circumstances, often this framework cannot adequately protect individuals against human rights violations by armed groups. The result is a legal and practical need for human rights obligations of non-state armed groups.

Framing the Boundaries of European Human Rights Law

Global Jurist ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Öztaş
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Court System ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection

AbstractEuropean human rights protection, ensured by the European Convention and Court of Human Rights, is declared to be universal and inclusive, protecting not only citizens of Europe but also anybody residing within the jurisdiction of the signatory countries. This article challenges this declaration and argues, with the help of some examples from the case law, that European human rights protection is based on the defined concepts of European-ness that exclude the perceived non-European within the Convention and the Court system.

EU Asylum Law and Human Rights Protection: Revisiting the Principle of Non-refoulement and the Prohibition of Torture and Other Forms of Ill-treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Mink
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Asylum Law ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The principal objective of the article is to examine the EU legal framework and international law parameters of legal harmonisation processes in a specific field of human rights protection: asylum legislation. In particular, it is to provide an in-depth analysis of the compatibility of EU asylum legislation with existing international norms in relation to the principle of non-refoulement and the prohibition of torture and other forms of ill-treatment. It also aims at exploring the correspondence and controversies of relevant legal principles and norms under international law. Similarly, it attempts to provide an analysis of the incomplete and inefficient implementation of these international norms and principles by EU asylum law as well.

scholarly journals Conscientious Objection to Abortion: A Comparative International Legal Framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Екатерина Вячеславовна Киселева ◽  
Ольга Сергеевна Кажаева
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Mutual Position ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
State Cooperation

В настоящем исследовании дается сравнительно-правовой анализ подхода к пониманию содержания и взаимного положения некоторых прав человека, связанных с искусственным прерыванием беременности, понимания, отраженного на универсальном уровне международно- правового сотрудничества государств в актах договорных органов защиты прав человека. Если по существу факт искусственного прерывания беременности поднимает правозащитные вопросы в отношении трёх субъектов (женщины, вынашивающей ребёнка, нерожденного ребёнка и врача, осуществляющего аборт или отказывающегося от проведения такового), то со стороны защиты прав человека речь ведётся почти исключительно о женщине, чья жизнь и материалистически понимаемые интересы приоритизируются над всеми остальными правозащитными аспектами. В настоящей работе сравнению подвергаются именно права различных субъектов, оказывающихся связанными через аборт, объем и защищенность этих прав международным правом. В качестве международно-правовой основы для сравнения взят Международный билль о правах человека. Тезисы авторов иллюстрируются двумя делами в отношении врачей, отказавшихся проводить процедуру аборта исходя из христианских убеждений в Польше и Аргентине, соответственно. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-011- 00292. This study provides a comparative legal analysis of the understanding of the content and mutual position of some human rights associated with artificial termination of pregnancy, the understanding reflected at the universal level of international legal inter-state cooperation in the acts of human rights treaty bodies. While, in essence, the fact of artificial termination of pregnancy raises human rights questions in relation to three subjects (a woman carrying a child, an unborn child and a doctor who performs an abortion or refuses to perform it), from the point of human rights protection, it is almost exclusively about a woman, whose life and materialistically understood interests are prioritized over all other human rights aspects. In this work, it is the rights of various subjects who find themselves bound through abortion, the scope and protection of these rights by international law, limited to the International Bill of Human Rights as an international legal basis for comparison are subjected to comparison. The authors illustrate their theses with two cases against the doctors who refused to carry out an abortion procedure for reasons of conscience in accordance with their Christian beliefs in Poland and Argentina, correspondingly. The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of research project № 18-011-00292.

scholarly journals Breaking New Ground In Human Rights Protection: Proposing An Inverted Triangular Approach Through Group-Based Enforcement In South East Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Shahrul Mizan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Domestic Level

The present problem of human rights enforcement reflects the old dilemma between centralism at the international level and local governance at the domestic level. Centralist solutions carry the expectation of a more homogeneous, effective and uniform method of operation. But this so-called‘universal’enforcement model is often seen as being too weak and incoherent for effective actions.Although the alleged universal character of the enforcement of human rights may portray an impressive international regime, local modes of problem solving are in reality more efficient since they are based on a better understanding of the specific circumstances and take into account of local peculiarities, cultural values and other similar factors. The latter is the missing elements in the overall international human rights enterprise. The rapid promotion and education of the global community on the concept of human rights has opened many wider possibilities for group based enforcement to be an efficient alternative. Reinforcing the same line of argumentation, this paper proposes an inverted model of enforcement whereby iinternational human rights law could act as the general framework that establishes generally agreed prin­ciples and norms that transcend strict national concerns, while group based mechanisms will work on enforcing those norms in their specific manifestations within the respective groups.

scholarly journals International Human rights law in an armed conflict: Legal perspectives on obligations of States and Extraterritoriality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Sardar M. A. Waqar Khan Arif
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Law

Human rights are available to everyone on the basis of humanity. Universality, non-discrimination, equality and inalienability are core principles governing International Human rights Law (IHRL). The law governing armed conflict or war is known as International humanitarian Law (IHL). In the case of armed conflict, IHRL poses certain obligations on states along with humanitarian obligations. In this context, this article identifies the international human rights obligations of States in armed conflict. It argues that States must respect, promote, protect and fulfill human rights obligations of individuals, in the case of armed conflict, with increasing and serious concern, by analyzing the applicable legal framework under IHRL. It also addresses the extraterritorial application of IHRL and its limitations and derogations in armed conflict. Further, it discusses contemporary challenges for States in jurisdictional applicability and implementation of IHRL. To that extent, the argument developed throughout this article is that States have obligations under IHRL, irrespective of humanitarian obligations, not only in peace situations but also in the case of war or armed conflict.

Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in Armed Conflict

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eibe Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Bodies

This chapter examines the protection of economic, social, and cultural rights in armed conflict under international human rights law (IHRL) and international humanitarian law (IHL). It analyses the relationship between such human rights protection and IHL rules and suggests that, despite the differences in the scope of the applicability of these two bodies of law, they are intricately interwoven and have become more so in recent times. It also compares the implementation mechanisms of IHL and IHRL and shows that human rights procedures are more varied, comprehensive in scope, and potentially more effective.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
American System ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Domestic Law

The Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights is a regional mechanism that has had a significant impact on the institutional framework of the State Parties to the Organization of American States (OAS), contributing to the elimination of structural human rights issues in the region. With a population of around 900 million people, the thirty-five States that comprise the OAS have accepted, to different extents, the supervising competence of its main human rights protection bodies: the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). This research bibliography on the Inter-American System is organized in six sections. The first is a general overview that describes the regional legal framework, the different research approaches that doctrine has developed to study it, and the factual and statistical resources that are of special importance in such research. The second section introduces the regional protection bodies and their interaction within the Inter-American System. The third and fourth sections are dedicated to the particular analysis of each body. It begins with the Inter-American Commission, with a description of its two most relevant foci, namely, its human rights promotion tasks and its competence to receive individual petitions. It then moves to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and engages with the literature about its contentious jurisdiction—where reparations, supervision of judgments, and compliance to its judgments—along with its advisory and precautionary jurisdiction will be analyzed in greater depth. Finally, the fifth and sixth sections are dedicated to two topics of special analytical relevance and current importance: the dialogue between regional protection systems in the search for answers to common problems and finally the notion of control of conventionality as a particular and groundbreaking legal development of the system and its development within the State’s domestic law. The selected works in this bibliography are mostly available in English and Spanish (judgments of the IACtHR and reports of the Commission may be accessed in both languages) and the great majority of these texts are available without cost, digitally, online and without subscription. This research bibliography, accordingly, aims at avoiding obstacles to open research into this topic from the Global South and other latitudes.

9. International human rights law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Second World

This chapter discusses the system of human rights protection that has emerged since the end of the Second World War. It begins in Section 9.2 with the primary sources of human rights law before Section 9.3 discusses the different categories of human rights. Section 9.4 discusses the obligation on states to offer protection to individuals from the acts of other private individuals. Section 9.5 provides an overview of the enforcement mechanisms in the UN and Section 9.6 focuses on the regional protection of human rights. Section 9.7 discusses the territorial scope of human rights treaties and Section 9.8 concerns the application of human rights in times of public emergency.

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