scholarly journals Effect of physical training on short term memory in school going rural children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-230
Author(s):  
Syamala E ◽  
Rama Kranthi T ◽  
Amrutha Kumari K ◽  
Simmi Soni ◽  
Mohamad Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Objective Tests

Background: Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. Various studies have shown a positive correlation between physical activity and cognition. The present study is undertaken to find out if physical training has any extra benefit on children’s auditory and visual short term memory in rural area whose physical activity is greater than urban children and adults. Materials and methods: Total 60 children participated in the study. 30 children were trained regularly in sports both in the morning and evening at least for 2 hours a day for one year in the age group of 8-16 and 30 untrained children age, gender and BSA matched participated in the study. Auditory memory was tested using numerical and word test. Visual memory was tested using numerical, word and objective tests. Results and discussion: Statistically significant results were observed in auditory word test, visual numerical, visual word and visual objective tests but auditory numerical test was insignificant. Conclusions: Short term memory improves linearly with physical activity. This could be due to increase in supply of oxygen and nutrients to brain.

Short-Term Memory and the Nature of Interference from Concurrent Shadowing

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal E. A. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Trigrams were presented visually or auditorily and followed by a 12 s retention interval filled with shadowing numbers or letters. Auditory memory letters followed by letter shadowing were recalled less than auditory memory letters followed by number shadowing or visual memory letters followed by either type of shadowing. The latter three conditions did not differ among themselves. An analysis of the recall intrusions suggested that forgetting of auditory memory letters followed by letter shadowing was caused mainly by a confusion between covert rehearsals and shadowing activity, while forgetting in the other three conditions was caused primarily by proactive interference from earlier memory trials.

scholarly journals Auditory and visual short-term memory: Influence of material type, contour, and musical expertise.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Talamini ◽  
Salomé Blain ◽  
Jérémie Ginzburg ◽  
Olivier Houix ◽  
Patrick Bouchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Musical Expertise

Draft version 28.03.2020. This paper has not been peer reviewed. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. Short-term memory has mostly been investigated with verbal or visuospatial stimuli and less so with other categories of stimuli. Moreover, the influence of sensory modality has been explored almost solely in the verbal domain. The present study used the same experimental paradigm to investigate auditory and visual short-term memory for different types of stimuli. In each trial, participants were presented with two sequences of events, separated by a silent delay, and had to indicate whether the two sequences were identical or different. Performance in this recognition (delayed-matching-to-sample) paradigm was compared for materials that were either verbal (i.e., chained syllables without meaning) or nonverbal (i.e., not easily described by verbal labels). For the latter ones, the event sequence could either entail a contour, which is a pattern of up and down changes (based on non-pitch features), or not. All materials were implemented in both auditory and visual modalities. As previous research has reported better auditory memory (and to some extent, visual memory), and better auditory contour recognition for musicians than non-musicians, the recognition tasks were performed by a group of musicians and a group of non-musicians. Results revealed a selective advantage of musicians for the auditory no-contour stimuli and for the contour stimuli (both visual and auditory), suggesting that musical expertise is associated with specific short-term memory advantages in domains close to the trained domain, even extending cross-modally. These findings offer new insights into the role of encoding strategies and their effect on short-term memory performance across modalities.

scholarly journals Auditory and visual short-term memory: influence of material type, contour, and musical expertise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Talamini ◽  
Salomé Blain ◽  
Jérémie Ginzburg ◽  
Olivier Houix ◽  
Patrick Bouchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Material Type ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Different Types

AbstractShort-term memory has mostly been investigated with verbal or visuospatial stimuli and less so with other categories of stimuli. Moreover, the influence of sensory modality has been explored almost solely in the verbal domain. The present study compared visual and auditory short-term memory for different types of materials, aiming to understand whether sensory modality and material type can influence short-term memory performance. Furthermore, we aimed to assess if music expertise can modulate memory performance, as previous research has reported better auditory memory (and to some extent, visual memory), and better auditory contour recognition for musicians than non-musicians. To do so, we adapted the same recognition paradigm (delayed-matching to sample) across different types of stimuli. In each trial, participants (musicians and non-musicians) were presented with two sequences of events, separated by a silent delay, and had to indicate whether the two sequences were identical or different. The performance was compared for auditory and visual materials belonging to three different categories: (1) verbal (i.e., syllables); (2) nonverbal (i.e., that could not be easily denominated) with contour (based on loudness or luminance variations); and (3) nonverbal without contour (pink noise sequences or kanji letters sequences). Contour and no-contour conditions referred to whether the sequence can entail (or not) a contour (i.e., a pattern of up and down changes) based on non-pitch features. Results revealed a selective advantage of musicians for auditory no-contour stimuli and for contour stimuli (both visual and auditory), suggesting that musical expertise is associated with specific short-term memory advantages in domains close to the trained domain, also extending cross-modally when stimuli have contour information. Moreover, our results suggest a role of encoding strategies (i.e., how the material is represented mentally during the task) for short-term-memory performance.

scholarly journals The Neuroscience Between Musical Stimulation and Enhancing Short Term Memory with Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra Fiorta ◽  
Patricia Talarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Memory

In the field of neuroscience, cognitive memory is at the center of biomedical research. Prior works in cognitive memory all suggest and show that as people age their short term memory slows down and becomes less effective from an accuracy standpoint. This especially becomes apparent in age related memory impairments such as Alzheimer’s. Using musical stimulation this study was focused on finding out if music has an effect on a musician’s short term memory speed and overall accuracy in both auditory and visual memory. Visual and auditory memory are the primary ways in which music is memorized. Along with visual memory motor memory is also tested in musicians as they use muscles when playing an instrument (Chua,  2014). Thus, these two were combined with the aim of finding out if music has an effect on the entire short term memory system. The study focused on all ages ranging from fourteen to the age bracket of sixty and over. Each participant was given the same conditions under which the study was conducted. Using a T-chart analysis the data showed that overall the speed of memory is enhanced with musical stimulation; however, accuracy was statistically insignificant. To avoid the distraction of future participants they should be evaluated one at a time.Key Words: cognitive memory, auditory, visual, musicians, motor memory

Phonological and visual similarity effects in Chinese and English language users: Implications for the use of cognitive resources in short-term memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHEL L. COLE ◽  
SUSAN J. PICKERING
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
English Language ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Articulation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Chinese And English

This study investigated the encoding strategies employed by Chinese and English language users when recalling sequences of pictured objects. The working memory performance of native English participants (n = 14) and Chinese speakers of English as a second language (Chinese ESL; n = 14) was compared using serial recall of visually-presented pictures of familiar objects with three conditions: (i) phonologically and visually distinct, (ii) phonologically similar and visually distinct, and (iii) phonologically distinct and visually similar. Digit span, visual pattern span and articulation rate were also measured. Results indicated that whilst English participants were affected by the phonological but not the visual similarity of items, the performance of Chinese ESL participants was comparable across all three conditions. No significant differences in digit span, visual memory or articulation rate were found between groups. These results are discussed in the light of our understanding of the use of cognitive resources in short-term memory in users of diverse orthographies.

Non temporal determinants of bilingual memory capacity: The role of long-term representations and fluency

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
DINO CHINCOTTA ◽  
GEOFFREY UNDERWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Subvocal Rehearsal

Two experiments examine the view that the variation in bilingual short-term memory capacity is determined by differential rates of subvocal rehearsal between the languages. Auditory memory span and articulation time were measured for three bilingual groups who spoke Finnish at home and Swedish at school (FS), and either Finnish (FF) or Swedish (SS) in both the home and the school. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that memory span for words varied in a lawful manner as a function of both articulation time and language dominance for SS and FF. For FS, however, an equivalent memory span between the languages was noted despite a shorter articulation time in Finnish than Swedish. Experiment 2 found that for items with no pre-existing lexical representations (nonwords), articulation time was a more reliable predictor of memory span than language dominance for all three groups. The finding that within-language memory span was greater for short items than long items shows that, ceteris paribus, bilingual short-term memory capacity is sensitive to the effects of word length in both the dominant and non-dominant language. Taken together, these findings moderate the view that bilingual short-term memory capacity is mediated exclusively by subvocal rehearsal and indicate an influential contribution from factors related to language fluency and the strength of lexico-semantic representations.

Characterizing chunks in visual short-term memory: Not more than one feature per dimension?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner X. Schneider ◽  
Heiner Deubel ◽  
Maria-Barbara Wesenick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Cowan defines a chunk as “a collection of concepts that have strong associations to one another and much weaker associations to other chunks currently in use.” This definition does not impose any constraints on the nature and number of elements that can be bound into a chunk. We present an experiment to demonstrate that such limitations exist for visual short-term memory, and that their analysis may lead to important insights into properties of visual memory.

Short-term memory in patients with the consequences of craniocerebral trauma

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
A. S. Osetrov ◽  
A. Z. Bagautdinova
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries ◽  
Personality Features

We studied short-term memory in patients who had suffered craniocerebral injuries using a 10-word test. Since mnastic activity depends on attention and motivational-emotional states, we examined patients' attention using the Bourdon correctional test and personality features using a multilateral personality examination.

Verbal short-term memory as an articulatory system: Evidence from an alternative paradigm

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Him Cheung ◽  
Lana Wooltorton
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Word Target ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Final Item ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Span Tasks

In a series of seven experiments, the role of articulatory rehearsal in verbal short-term memory was examined via a shadowing-plus-recall paradigm. In this paradigm, subjects shadowed a word target presented closely after an auditory memory list before they recalled the list. The phonological relationship between the shadowing target and the final item on the memory list was manipulated. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that targets sounding similar to the list-final memory item generally took longer to shadow than unrelated targets. This inhibitory effect of phonological relatedness was more pronounced with tense- than lax-vowel pseudoword recall lists. The interaction between vowel tenseness and phonological relatedness was replicated in Experiment 3 using shorter lists of real words. In Experiment 4, concurrent articulation was applied during list learning to block rehearsal; consequently, neither the phonological relatedness effect nor its interaction with vowel tenseness emerged. Experiments 5 and 6 manipulated the occurrence frequencies and lexicality of the recall items, respectively, instead of vowel tenseness. Unlike vowel tenseness, these non-articulatory memory factors failed to interact with the phonological relatedness effect. Experiment 7 orthogonally manipulated the vowel tenseness and frequencies of the recall items; slowing in shadowing times due to phonological relatedness was modulated by vowel tenseness but not frequency. Taken together, these results suggest that under the present paradigm, the modifying effect of vowel tenseness on the magnitude of slowing in shadowing due to phonological relatedness is indicative of a prominent articulatory component in verbal short-term retention. The shadowing-plus-recall approach avoids confounding overt recall into internal memory processing, which is an inherent problem of the traditional immediate serial recall and span tasks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document