The Concept and Classification of Genomic (Genetic) Information

Lex Russica ◽

10.17803/1729-5920.2020.164.7.050-058 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

M. N. Maleina

Keyword(s):

Ribonucleic Acid ◽

Genetic Information ◽

Biological Sample ◽

Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽

Personal Data ◽

Genomic Information ◽

Genomic Technologies ◽

And Storage ◽

Living Being

The importance of genomic information has now increased due to the possibility of its practical use. Meanwhile, the understanding of the term “genomic information” is specified based on different criteria. Genomic information is proposed to be classified depending on the following criteria: 1) the origin of a biological sample, 2) the place of fixation and storage of genomic information, 3) the purpose of use, 4) the completeness of examination, 5) the relation of a person to the acquisition of his or her genomic information, 6) the scope of content. Genomic information can be presented as a generic concept referring to all biological objects, as a special concept (species) referring only to humans, and as subspecies reflecting specificity of such information in a particular area of activity. Genomic information of a living being (human, animal, plant, microorganism) is understood as data on certain fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (sometimes ribonucleic acid) on the basis of which the living being is identified or other permitted activity is carried out.Human genomic information is defined as biometric personal data extracted from certain fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (sometimes ribonucleic acid) of a living individual or corpse, on the basis of which it is possible to identify, determine genetic predispositions or extract patterns of the development of the human being obtained voluntarily, and, in cases provided for by the law, forced to be fixed in a biological sample and/or stored in an information map or database.It is proved that the existing laws on information or a new law dedicated to regulation of the application of genomic technologies should be amended instead of adopting a special law “On Genetic Information”.

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Role of Legal Principles in Eliminating and Minimizing the Risks of Genomic Technologies

Lex Russica ◽

10.17803/1729-5920.2019.153.8.121-128 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. N. Maleina

Keyword(s):

Genetic Information ◽

Personal Data ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Legal Principles ◽

Genomic Technologies ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

The Individual ◽

Modern Genomic

The use of modern genomic technologies, along with the benefits to the man and society, can lead to negative consequences. Such risks exist both in the process and after the production, isolation, modification, storage of DNA. Prior to detailed legislative regulation of relations regarding the use of genomic technologies for medicinal purposes and not for medical reasons, legal principles become vital.The paper formulates the following basic legal principles of genomic technologies application: the principle of preventive actions of the state to protect citizens from the risks of using genomic technologies; the principle of preserving the human genome as a special species; the principle of guaranteeing the inviolability of the individual of every citizen when using genomic technologies; the principle of priority of life and health of citizens over the interests of science and society; the principle of equality of citizens regardless of genetic characteristics; the principle of protection of genetic information of every citizen as part of personal data; the principle of guaranteeing access to the citizen’s own genetic information. Legal principles can be used to resolve a dispute by analogy of law.

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Biometrics in the Context of Personal Data and Genetic Information: Legal Issues

Lex Russica ◽

10.17803/1729-5920.2019.146.1.108-118 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 108-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. M. Rassolov ◽

S. G. Chubukova ◽

I. V. Mikurova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Information ◽

Personal Data ◽

Modern Society ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Behavioral Characteristics ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Information Law ◽

Identification Of Persons

In modern society, methods of identification of persons on the basis of their physical, biological or behavioral characteristics are actively developing. European countries are in the process of developing a holistic doctrine on biometric control and are clarifying their position on situations where biometric data are used by individuals.From the position of information law, the paper presents a new author’s approach to the problem of processing biometric data and genetic information. The division of biometrics into “trace” and “non-trace” is losing its meaning. A new classification of biometrics into digital and analog is proposed.Biometric access control should not become a routine phenomenon in the framework of the organization of the company and without any reason to replace other existing types of control. The interested person can be entrusted with the storage of their own biometric data to reduce the risks of leakage and the consequences of exposure to them. Biometric data must be stored on the company’s servers in encrypted form, which makes it impossible to use them without the consent of the person concerned.Biometric data should be protected by a special legal regime. The analysis of the European and Russian legislation made it possible to draw the following conclusions: biometric data is a special type of personal data, a special legal regime and regulation should be established; digital biometrics needs special legal regulation, since it is the most vulnerable type; genetic information does not fully correspond to the concept of personal data, as it can relate to an unlimited number of persons. This determines the need to develop a special law “on genetic information”.

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MODERN PROBLEMATICS AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DESTRUCTION OF INFORMATION ON MAGNETIC MEDIA

Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy ◽

10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.154-164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 154-164

Author(s):

O. Semenenko ◽

O. Vodchyts ◽

V. Koverga ◽

R. Lukash ◽

O. Lutsenko

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Information Storage ◽

Storage Device ◽

Magnetic Media ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Physical Impact ◽

And Storage ◽

Term Storage

The introduction and active use of information transmission and storage systems in the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of Ukraine form the need to develop ways of guaranteed removal of data from media after their use or long-term storage. Such a task is an essential component of the functioning of any information security system. The article analyzes the problems of guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media. An overview of approaches to the guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media of different types is presented, and partial estimates of the effectiveness of their application are given by some generally accepted indicators of performance evaluation. The article also describes the classification of methods of destruction of information depending on the influence on its medium. The results of the analysis revealed the main problems of application of software methods and methods of demagnetization of the information carrier. The issue of guaranteed destruction of information from modern SSD devices, which are actively used in the formation of new systems of information accumulation and processing, became particularly relevant in the article. In today's conditions of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, methods of mechanical and thermal destruction are more commonly used today. In the medium term, the vector of the use of information elimination methods will change towards the methods of physical impact by the pulsed magnetic field and the software methods that allow to store the information storage device, but this today requires specialists to develop new ways of protecting information in order to avoid its leakage.

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