scholarly journals Stay or switch? Investigating lock-in effect in multi-channel apparel retailing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Emiliano Acquila-Natale ◽  
Ángel Hernández-García ◽  
Santiago Iglesias-Pradas ◽  
Julián Chaparro-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
Lock In

The emergence of new sales channels, the irruption of new technologies and changes in personal and professional lifestyles have transformed purchasing behaviors throughout the shopping process. Prior research has addressed the effect of these changes in each channel separately, neglecting the study of such effects in multi-channel environments. This research investigates the relation between channel preference and spillover effect—and more particularly, lock-in effect—in apparel multi-channel retailing, with data collected from a survey of 432 Spanish shoppers. The results of the study facilitate further understanding of spillover effect and help companies improve their omnichannel strategies.

The Capital Gains Lock-In Effect and Earnings Quality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Dimmock ◽  
Fan Feng ◽  
Huai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
Lock In

The Dilemma between Aligned Expectations and Diversity in Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Ergen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Synthetic Fuel ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Technology Policies ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Innovation Processes

This chapter brings together arguments from economics, sociology, and political economy to show that innovation processes are characterized by a dilemma between the advantages of aligned expectations—including greater coordination and investment—and those of diversity, including superior openness to new technological possibilities. To illustrate the argument, the chapter discusses a historical case involving one of the largest coordinated peace-time attempts to hasten technological innovation in the history of capitalism, namely the US energy technology policies of the 1970s and 1980s. Close examination of the commercialization of photovoltaics and synthetic fuel initiatives illustrates both sides of the dilemma between shared versus diverse expectations in innovation: coordination but possible premature lock-in on the one hand, and openness but possible stagnation on the other. The chapter shows that even the exploration and interpretation of new technologies may be as much a product of focused investment as of trial-and-error search.

scholarly journals Informal Reform of the United Nations Security Council

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Mariana Pimenta Oliveira Baccarini
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Lock In

Abstract This article analyses attempts to reform the United Nations Security Council from a historical-institutional perspective. It argues that the possibilities for reform have suffered from a ‘lock-in’ effect that has rendered the UN resistant to change. On the other hand, the UN decision-making process has evolved since its establishment, especially since the end of the Cold War, in response to new power aspirations, making it more representative and legitimate. The Security Council has also undergone continuous informal reform that has allowed it to adapt to new times.

scholarly journals LIQUIDITY LIMITATION INFLUENCE ON INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES’ INVESTMENTS IN INVESTIGATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

2016 ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Trachuk ◽  
N. V. Linder
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Financial Indicator ◽  
Credit Restriction ◽  
In Virtue Of

Scientific investigations and development of new technologies (ID) benefit society more than the profit the innovator derives. Thus innovation research key point is spillover effect consideration: as far as the other firms will also get off-the-shelf technology access (probably with temporary lag), innovator-enterprise doesn’t receive all the profit from the performed ID. Consequently, a lot of companies are inclined to limit investments in ID, particularly in case of liquidity shortage.The article presents the results of investigation of liquidity limitation influence on the companies’ decision to invest in ID, the amount of investment and the effectiveness of innovative activity. Hard liquidity limitation happens to be, when the company doesn’t have access on capital markets (for example, in connection with financial downfall or property shortage for credit loan guarantee), soft – where feasible to obtain credit, but loanable funds price is higher than profitability of its activity. The direct indicator of credit restriction is used for analyzing, and the economic model which determines interrelation between companies’ decision to invest in ID, the amount of these investments and the effectiveness of innovative activity. Obtained results demonstrate that restrictive financial indicator has positive significant connection with the companies’ decision to invest in ID, and doesn’t influence the amount of these investments in case of positive decision. Thus far from every industrial company decide to invest in ID in virtue of liquidity limitation, but for those who invest the amount of investments doesn’t depend on liquidity limitation. It is explained with the fact that availability of own funds is more important than credit possibilities in accepting the companies’ decision of ID investment.Cash effect is also proved, the effect when a big company has great available assets that makes ID and innovations financing easier, and inverse U-dependence is proved between the market level of competition and innovations.It was concluded that small companies and companies of low-tech branches need investments which simplify imitation of off-the-shelf technologies from developed markets but not the ID intensity increasing.

Complaint behaviour in multichannel retailing: a cross-stage approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Frasquet ◽  
Marco Ieva ◽  
Cristina Ziliani
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multichannel Retailing ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Post Purchase

PurposeThis paper analyses how the purchase channel and customer complaint goals affect the sequential choice of post–purchase complaint channels when customers experience a service failure followed by a service recovery failure (double deviation).Design/methodology/approachAn online survey involving a scenario manipulation was conducted with 577 apparel shoppers. The study employs multi-group latent class analysis to estimate latent customer segments within both online and offline groups of shoppers and compare latent classes between the two groups.FindingsThe results show that the purchase channel has a lock-in effect on the complaint channel, which is stronger for offline buyers. Moreover, there is evidence of channel synergy effects in the case of having to complain twice: shoppers who complain in store in the first attempt turn to online channels in the second complaint attempt, and vice versa. Complaint goals shape the choice of complaint channels and define different shopper segments.Originality/valueThe present study is the first to adopt a cross-stage approach that analyses the dependencies between the purchase channel and the complaint channel used on two subsequent occasions: the first complaint after a service failure and the second following a service recovery failure.

Germany's Repeal of the Corporate Capital Gains Tax: The Equity Market Response

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (s-1) ◽  
pp. 73-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney H. Edwards ◽  
Mark H. Lang ◽  
Edward L. Maydew ◽  
Douglas A. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Price Response ◽  
Corporate Capital ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
Lock In

In late 1999, the German government made a surprise announcement that it would repeal the large and long-standing capital gains tax on sales of corporate crossholdings effective in 2002. The repeal has been hailed as a revolutionary step toward breaking up the extensive web of crossholdings among German companies. The lock-in effect from the large corporate capital gains tax was said to act as a barrier to efficient acquisition and divestiture of German firms and divisions. Many observers predicted that once the lock-in effect was removed, Germany would experience a flurry of acquisition and divestiture activity. Several other industrialized countries were poised to follow suit, with similar proposals pending in France, Japan, and the United Kingdom. This paper provides evidence of the economic impact of the repeal by examining its effect on the market values of German firms. While event studies of tax legislation can be difficult, our study is aided by the fact that the repeal was both a surprise and was announced separately from other tax reform proposals. In addition, we provide cross-sectional evidence on the economic magnitude of the repeal, assess the likely beneficiaries from the repeal, and predict which sectors are most likely to experience a surge in acquisition and divestiture activity following the repeal. Our results suggest that the economic effects are highly concentrated. We find a positive association between firms' event period abnormal returns and the extent of their crossholdings, consistent with taxes acting as a barrier to efficient allocation of ownership. However, the reaction is limited to the six largest banks and insurers and their extensive minority holdings in industrial firms. These six large firms have a combined market capitalization equal to 22 percent of all 394 firms in this study. We also find evidence of a positive stock price response to the announcement for industrial companies held by these financial firms, consistent with shareholders in those firms benefiting from the likely reduction in investor-level tax burdens and expected increased efficiency following the tax law change.

Lock-in Effect in Fiber Ring Laser Gyros

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2487-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
苏觉 Su Jue ◽  
钱景仁 Qian Jingren
Keyword(s):  
Ring Laser ◽  
Fiber Ring Laser ◽  
Fiber Ring ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
Lock In
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