scholarly journals Two Perspectives on the Issue of Prudence (Prudentia): Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Rastislav Nemec ◽  
Andrea Blaščíková
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
William Of Ockham

Nature, Ethics, and the Doctrine of ‘Habitus’: Aristotelian Moral Psychology in the Twelfth Century

Traditio ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary J. Nederman
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Technical Vocabulary ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Latin Version

Among the range of moral concepts that the Middle Ages derived from Aristotle, few exercised greater influence than the doctrine of habitus (a term ordinarily translated as ‘habit,’ but more properly meaning ‘state’ or ‘condition’). In the thirteenth century, such prominent thinkers as Thomas Aquinas, Godfrey of Fontaines, Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham placed habitus (derived from the Greek term ἅξις) near the heart of their studies of ethics. It is largely possible to explain thirteenth-century interest in the concept of habitus on the basis of the appearance of Robert Grosseteste's full translation of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. Grosseteste's Latin version, taken in conjunction with a growing interest in the field of ethics among arts masters, rendered the technical vocabulary of Aristotelian moral thought into a commonplace of scholastic philosophy.

The Inner Cathedral: Mental Architecture in High Scholasticism

Vivarium ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter King
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
Faculty Psychology ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
The Will ◽  
Personal Agents

AbstractMediaeval psychological theory was a “faculty psychology”: a confederation of semiautonomous sub-personal agents, the interaction of which constitutes our psychological experience. One such faculty was intellective appetite, that is, the will. On what grounds was the will taken to be a distinct faculty? After a brief survey of Aristotle's criteria for identifying and distinguishing mental faculties, I look in some detail at the mainstream mediaeval view, given clear expression by Thomas Aquinas, and then at the dissenting views of John Duns Scotus and William of Ockham. I conclude with some reflections on why the mainstream mediaeval view was discarded by Descartes.

scholarly journals Die konstellasie taalbegrip-logika in die Middeleeuse filosofie (2): Duns Skotus tot De Rivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Beukes
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Peter Abelard ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Form Part ◽  
John Wyclif

The constellation language-logic in medieval philosophy (2): Duns Scotus to De Rivo. This second in a series of two articles continues the attempt to provide an in-depth overview of some of the most prominent – and some of the most underpublished - medieval thinkers’ stances on the constellation of language and logic, thus as a combined and condensed problem in western philosophy between the 5th and 15th centuries. The two articles form part of a rehabilitating series of modern-critical articles on understated and marginalised themes, texts and figures in medieval philosophy. The positions of the well-known philosophers that are covered in the two articles, St Augustine, Peter Abelard, St Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus and William of Ockham, are juxtaposed with some less familiar philosophical positions, amongst others those of Boethius, Peter of Spain, John Wyclif and Peter de Rivo.

Truth in the Middle Ages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Heavy Hitters ◽  
Necessary Truth ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
The Middle Ages

There was enormous debate in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries over the nature of truth and our relation to it. This chapter presents the central positions and debates, ultimately rooted in ancient theories from Aristotle and Augustine, but magnificently transformed by medieval interests. Topics considered include the metaphysical and the propositional status of truth, the paradigm of scientific knowledge as necessary truth known with certainty and evidentness, and the debates over how truth is cognized, which concern whether illumination from God is required or whether by human effort alone truth can be accessed. Major figures in these debates include many of the medieval period’s heavy-hitters, including Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, and Duns Scotus. Finally, in the fourteenth century, from William of Ockham and John Buridan emerges a new paradigm: the theory of semantic truth.

From Disobedience to Toleration: William of Ockham and the Medieval Discourse on Fraternal Correction

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKASHI SHOGIMEN
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
Alexander Of Hales ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Invincible Ignorance

In order to tackle the problem of ecclesiastical heresy, late medieval theologians elaborated on the idea of fraternal correction. Alexander of Hales laid the foundation of the standard theological discourse, which was developed by Thomas Aquinas. In applying this concept to the problem of papal heresy, William of Ockham questioned and reversed the hierarchical assumptions and premises in the traditional discourse. Drawing on his ethical theory of invincible ignorance, he also provided a moral basis for an inferior's dissent from ecclesiastical authority. Ockham's emphasis on the inalienable obligation of conscience in defence of ecclesiastical disobedience shows a striking similarity to some of John Locke's ideas on religious toleration.

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