scholarly journals Environmental taxes and subsidies: some insights from the Italian experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Andrea Zatti
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
National Data ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Fiscal Reforms ◽  
Environmental Taxes And Subsidies

Environmental taxes and subsidies are considered by the economic theory as useful policy instruments to enhance environmental protection, improve the alignment of prices with full social costs, and encourage sustainable modes of consumption and production. In a policy-oriented perspective, the issue of reforming the financial system in an environmental perspective has attracted increasing attention to the international and European agenda in recent decades. Despite these premises, the actual implementation of environmental fiscal reforms (EFRs) has often lagged behind their full potential and premises. This paper analyzes environmental taxes and subsidies applied in Italy in the last decades to identify priorities, opportunities, and barriers to future developments. Data collected in the main national data sources and reports, as the recently established Catalogue of Environmentally Harmful Subsidies (EHSs) and environmentally friendly subsidies (EFSs), reveal how the implementation and design of taxes and subsidies have been, and still are, mainly driven by non-environmental objectives, leading to mixed and not completely satisfactory effects. In conclusion, relying on these results, some key elements – transparency, graduality, and predictability – may help to overcome the existing barriers to implement and achieve a broader and comprehensive EFR in Italy.

Introducing xSub: A new portal for cross-national data on subnational violence

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri M Zhukov ◽  
Christian Davenport ◽  
Nadiya Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Grid Cell ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Data ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Researchers today have access to an unprecedented amount of geo-referenced, disaggregated data on political conflict. Because these new data sources use disparate event typologies and units of analysis, findings are rarely comparable across studies. As a result, we are unable to answer basic questions like ‘what does conflict A tell us about conflict B?’ This article introduces xSub – a ‘database of databases’ for disaggregated research on political conflict ( www.x-sub.org ). xSub reduces barriers to comparative subnational research, by empowering researchers to quickly construct custom, analysis-ready datasets. xSub currently features subnational data on conflict in 156 countries, from 21 sources, including large data collections and data from individual scholars. To facilitate comparisons across countries and sources, xSub organizes these data into consistent event categories, actors, spatial units (country, province, district, grid cell, electoral constituency), and time units (year, month, week, and day). This article introduces xSub and illustrates its potential, by investigating the impact of repression on dissent across thousands of subnational datasets.

scholarly journals Cocaine use and overdose mortality in the United States: Evidence from two national data sources, 2002–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 108148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Cano ◽  
Sehun Oh ◽  
Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Data ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Overdose Mortality

Road Traffic Injury in China: A Review of National Data Sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Ma ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Maigeng Zhou ◽  
Leilei Duan ◽  
David Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Data ◽  
Traffic Injury

scholarly journals Comparison of National Data Sources to Assess Preventive Care in the US Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen B. Taksler ◽  
Elizabeth R. Pfoh ◽  
Kathryn A. Martinez ◽  
Megan M. Sheehan ◽  
Niyati M. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Care ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Data ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Inconsistencies in authoritative national paediatric workforce data sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Allen ◽  
Richard Doherty ◽  
Andrew M. Hilton ◽  
Gary L. Freed
Keyword(s):  
Health Workforce ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Medical Workforce ◽  
National Data ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Workforce Projections

Objective National health workforce data are used in workforce projections, policy and planning. If data to measure the current effective clinical medical workforce are not consistent, accurate and reliable, policy options pursued may not be aligned with Australia’s actual needs. The aim of the present study was to identify any inconsistencies and contradictions in the numerical count of paediatric specialists in Australia, and discuss issues related to the accuracy of collection and analysis of medical workforce data. Methods This study compared respected national data sources regarding the number of medical practitioners in eight fields of paediatric speciality medical (non-surgical) practice. It also counted the number of doctors listed on the websites of speciality paediatric hospitals and clinics as practicing in these eight fields. Results Counts of medical practitioners varied markedly for all specialties across the data sources examined. In some fields examined, the range of variability across data sources exceeded 450%. Conclusions The national datasets currently available from federal and speciality sources do not provide consistent or reliable counts of the number of medical practitioners. The lack of an adequate baseline for the workforce prevents accurate predictions of future needs to provide the best possible care of children in Australia. What is known about the topic? Various national data sources contain counts of the number of medical practitioners in Australia. These data are used in health workforce projections, policy and planning. What does this paper add? The present study found that the current data sources do not provide consistent or reliable counts of the number of practitioners in eight selected fields of paediatric speciality practice. There are several potential issues in the way workforce data are collected or analysed that cause the variation between sources to occur. What are the implications for practitioners? Without accurate data on which to base decision making, policy options may not be aligned with the actual needs of children with various medical needs, in various geographic areas or the nation as a whole.

scholarly journals Forecast of COVID-19 Cases in Indonesia with the Triple Exponential Smoothing Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ruliyanta Ruliyanta ◽  
Endang Retno Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Exponential Smoothing ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Smoothing Algorithm ◽  
National Data ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information

<em>The Coronavirus </em>(SARS-CoV-2)<em>, also known as </em>COVID-19<em>, has brought a worldwide threat to the living. The whole world is making extraordinary efforts to combat the spread of this deadly disease in terms of infrastructure, finances, data sources, protective equipment, life risk treatment, and several other resources. Artificial intelligence researchers focus their knowledge of expertise on developing mathematical models to analyze this epidemic situation using shared national data. To contribute to the welfare of the living community, this article proposes to utilize the Triple Exponential Smoothing algorithm to predict the development of </em>COVID-19<em> throughout the country by utilizing real-time information from the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling of Coronavirus Disease </em>2019<em> in Indonesia. Based on forecasting results, in Indonesia by the end of </em>2020, COVID-19<em> will continue to grow significantly, the number of confirmed </em>COVID-19<em> people is </em>386,571<em> people with a death toll of </em>15,622<em>.</em>

Conventional and Delinquent Activities: Implications for the Prevention of Violent Victimization among Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Lauritsen ◽  
John H. Laub ◽  
Robert J. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
National Data ◽  
Activity Involvement ◽  
Victimization Research

While age is one of the most important correlates of an individual’s risk of violent victimization, research regarding the victimization of adolescents is relatively meager. Using two well-known national data sources and an analytical framework guided by lifestyle/routine activities theories, we describe the relationships between activity involvement and the risk of assault and robbery victimization among adolescents in the United States. Several findings relevant to victimization prevention emerge. First, we find that certain adolescent activities are related to risk of violence. Youth who engage in delinquent activities experience the highest risk of assault and robbery victimization. Second, we find very few conventional activities which protect adolescents from victimization net of background factors (e.g., gender, race, family structure) or offending levels. We discuss the implications of these findings for programs directed at reducing violent victimization among adolescents and for lifestyle/routine activities theories of victimization.

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