An Examination of the Relations between Fine Motor Abilities and Executive Functioning in Children with Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Baruch Maiman
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Abilities

scholarly journals Reliability of Informant-Report Measures of Executive Functioning in Children With Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Esbensen ◽  
Emily K. Hoffman ◽  
Rebecca Shaffer ◽  
Elizabeth Chen ◽  
Lina Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The current study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) with children with Down syndrome. Caregivers of 84 children with Down syndrome rated their child's behavior with the BRIEF. Teacher ratings were obtained for 57 children. About 40% of children with Down syndrome were reported by parents, and 70% by teachers, to exhibit clinically significant challenges with executive functioning. Distribution of scores was normal, internal consistency for subscales was questionable to primarily excellent, and inter-rater reliability was poor to good. Normative data conversions controlled for age, IQ, and gender differences, with some exceptions. The study findings suggest that the BRIEF and its subscales generally performed in a psychometrically sound manner among children with Down syndrome.

A-18 Early Pattern of Cognitive Changes Associated with Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1059
Author(s):  
Sana Arastu ◽  
Juan Gonzalez ◽  
Nicole E Greenberg ◽  
Emma L Lucas ◽  
Tonita E Wroolie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Motor Abilities

Abstract Objective Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and subsequently cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. It is also linked to neurocognitive disorders and accelerated cognitive aging (Ekblad et al, 2017; Levine, Harrati, & Crimmins, 2018). Using baseline data from a longitudinal study in a sample of 126 cognitively intact adults aged 25–50 years (36.5% males), we assessed cognitive performance in relation to insulin resistance to determine whether an early prodromal pattern of cognitive changes exists prior to advanced metabolic disease. Methods Steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) was used to measure insulin resistance. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted using age, years of education, body mass index (BMI), and SSPG as predictors of neuropsychological functioning. In-person and tele-neuropsychological assessment was administered using standard neuropsychological measures. Results Higher insulin resistance was associated with significantly worse attention (WAIS-III Digit Span total; B = -0.018, p = 0.03), executive functioning (D-KEFS Color-Word Inhibition/Switching; B = 0.047, p = 0.04) and dominant fine motor abilities (Purdue Pegboard; B = -0.008, p = 0.02). Higher insulin resistance was also associated with trend level worsening of other measures of executive functioning, namely D-KEFS Trails 4 (B = 0.099, p = 0.07) and DKEFS Color-Word Inhibition errors (B = 0.007, p = 0.09). Conclusions In young adults, higher insulin resistance was associated with declines in attention, executive functioning, and fine motor abilities. This early pattern of subtle cognitive changes associated with higher insulin resistance seen in this sample of younger adults is consistent with later cognitive declines found in type 2 diabetes and vascular neurocognitive disorder, namely declines in attention, executive functioning, and motor abilities with eventual memory declines in advanced disease.

Relationship Between Parent and Teacher Reported Executive Functioning and Maladaptive Behaviors in Children With Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-323
Author(s):  
Anna J. Esbensen ◽  
Emily K. Hoffman ◽  
Rebecca C. Shaffer ◽  
Lina R. Patel ◽  
Lisa M. Jacola
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Parent And Teacher Ratings

Abstract The current study evaluates the concurrent relationship between parent ratings of executive functioning and maladaptive behavior among children and adolescents with Down syndrome and then repeats this evaluation using teacher reports. Parents and teachers of 63 school-age children with Down syndrome rated the child's executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) and behaviors (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist). For parent and teacher ratings, elevated behavior dysregulation predicted higher levels of rule-breaking, aggressive, and externalizing behavior. For teacher ratings, elevated behavior dysregulation also predicted higher levels of inattention problems. Among both parent and teacher ratings, greater metacognitive difficulties predicted challenges with attention. Understanding the relationship between these constructs has important implications for targets of intervention and developing preventative strategies.

scholarly journals Adapted Dance Improves Motor Abilities and Participation in Children With Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle McGuire ◽  
Jason Long ◽  
Anna J. Esbensen ◽  
Amy F. Bailes
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Abilities

scholarly journals Profiles of Everyday Executive Functioning in Young Children With Down Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Daunhauer ◽  
Deborah J. Fidler ◽  
Laura Hahn ◽  
Elizabeth Will ◽  
Nancy Raitano Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory

Abstract We investigated executive functioning (EF) in children with Down syndrome (DS; n  =  25) and typically developing (TD) children matched for mental age (MA; n  =  23) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool. We sought to (1) compare children with DS to a developmentally matched control group, and (2) to characterize the EF profile of children with DS. Across teacher and parent reports, significant deficits in working memory and planning were observed in the DS group. Parents, but not teachers, of children with DS also reported difficulties in inhibitory control relative to the comparison group. Results extend earlier findings regarding EF impairments in children with DS. The complementary role inhibitory control may play in this profile is discussed.

The emergence of fine motor skills in children with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-151
Author(s):  
Amy Work Needham ◽  
Eliza L. Nelson ◽  
Aunnika D. Short ◽  
Lisa A. Daunhauer ◽  
Deborah J. Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome
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