Developments in Digestive Tract Neuroendocrine Tumours and Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas – A Narrative Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ilias ◽  
Karel Pacak ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Digestive neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoids) derive from serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells. Biochemical screening (and follow-up) is performed with measurements of 5-hydroxyindoloacetic acid in urine. Other markers are also useful. Most digestive neuroendocrine tumours are better localised with functional imaging, i.e. nuclear medicine, compared with other modalities. The treatment of choice is surgical; non-resectable tumours are treated with somatostatin analogues (unlabelled and for more advanced disease radiolabelled) or chemotherapy. Most pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas are sporadic, however, and genetically caused tumours are much more common than previously thought. Biochemical proof of disease is best carried out with measurement of plasma metadrenaline. Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be followed by functional imaging. Chromaffin tumour-specific methods are preferred.18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-DOPA PET) should be used in patients with succinate-dehydrogenase-B-related metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.18F-DOPA PET may become a modality of choice for the localisation of head and neck paragangliomas. If possible, treatment is surgical. For non-operable disease, other options are available and new drugs are under investigation or in clinical trials.

Developments in Digestive Tract Neuroendocrine Tumors and Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas—A Narrative Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ilias ◽  
Karel Pacak ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Digestive neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) derive from serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells. Biochemical screening (and follow-up) is performed with measurements of 5-hydroxyindoloacetic acid in urine. Other markers are also useful. Most digestive neuroendocrine tumors are better localized with functional imaging, i.e. nuclear medicine, compared with other modalities. The treatment of choice is surgical; non-resectable tumors are treated with somatostatin analogs (unlabelled and for more advanced disease radiolabelled) or chemotherapy. Most pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas are sporadic, however, and genetically caused tumors are much more common than previously thought. Biochemical proof of disease is best carried out with measurement of plasma metadrenaline. Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be followed by functional imaging. Chromaffin tumor-specific methods are preferred.18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-DOPA PET) should be used in patients with succinate-dehydrogenase-B-related metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.18F-DOPA PET may become a modality of choice for the localization of head and neck paragangliomas. If possible, treatment is surgical. For non-operable disease, other options are available and new drugs are under investigation or in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Recent advances in radiological and radionuclide imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine tumours

2004 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kaltsas ◽  
A Rockall ◽  
D Papadogias ◽  
R Reznek ◽  
AB Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Octreotide Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours that are able to express cell membrane neuroamine uptake mechanisms and/or specific receptors, such as somatostatin receptors, which can be of great value in the localization and treatment of these tumours. Scintigraphy with (111)In-pentetreotide has become one of the most important imaging investigations in the initial identification and staging of gastro-enteropancreatic (GEP) tumours, whereas helical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic and/or peri-operative ultrasonography are used for the precise localization of GEPs and in monitoring their response to treatment. Scintigraphy with (123)I-MIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) is sensitive in the identification of chromaffin cell tumours, although scintigraphy with (111)In-pentetreotide may also have a role in the localization of malignant chromaffin cell tumours and medullary thyroid carcinoma; for further localization and monitoring of the response to treatment both CT and MRI are used with high diagnostic accuracy. More recently, positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is being increasingly used for the localization of NETs, particularly when other imaging modalities have failed, although its precise role and utility remain to be defined. Surgery is still the usual initial therapeutic, and only curative, modality of choice; however, the majority of NETs will require further treatment with somatostatin analogues and/or interferon; chemotherapy may be used for progressive and highly aggressive NETs, but its role has not been clearly defined. For those NETs that demonstrate uptake to a diagnostic scan with (123)I-MIBG or (111)In-octreotide, therapy with radionuclides such as (131)I-MIBG or (111)In/(90)Y-octreotide or other isotopes, presents a further evolving therapeutic modality.

scholarly journals Radiolabeled PET/MRI Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Forte ◽  
Dario Fiorenza ◽  
Enza Torino ◽  
Angela Costagliola di Polidoro ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The development of integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners opened a new scenario for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Multimodal imaging combines functional and morphological information from different modalities, which, singularly, cannot provide a comprehensive pathophysiological overview. Molecular imaging exploits multimodal imaging in order to obtain information at a biological and cellular level; in this way, it is possible to track biological pathways and discover many typical tumoral features. In this context, nanoparticle-based contrast agents (CAs) can improve probe biocompatibility and biodistribution, prolonging blood half-life to achieve specific target accumulation and non-toxicity. In addition, CAs can be simultaneously delivered with drugs or, in general, therapeutic agents gathering a dual diagnostic and therapeutic effect in order to perform cancer diagnosis and treatment simultaneous. The way for personalized medicine is not so far. Herein, we report principles, characteristics, applications, and concerns of nanoparticle (NP)-based PET/MRI CAs.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Diagnosis of Fetal Corpus Callosum Abnormalities and Follow-up Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088307382110162
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
Mri Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Objectives: We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations of fetal corpus callosum abnormalities and discussed their prognosis based on the results of postnatal follow up. Methods: One hundred fifty-five fetuses were diagnosed with corpus callosum abnormalities by MRI at our hospital from 2004 to 2019. Gesell Development Scales were used to evaluate the prognosis of corpus callosum abnormalities after birth. Results: Corpus callosum abnormalities were diagnosed in 149 fetuses from singleton pregnancies, and 6 pairs of twins, 1 in each pair is a corpus callosum abnormality. Twenty-seven cases (27/155) were lost to follow up, whereas 128 cases (128/155) were followed up. Of these, 101 cases were induced for labor, whereas 27 cases were born naturally. Among the 27 cases of corpus callosum abnormality after birth, 22 cases were from singleton pregnancies (22/27). Moreover, 1 twin from each of 5 pairs of twins (5/27) demonstrated corpus callosum abnormalities. The average Gesell Development Scale score was 87.1 in 19 cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum and 74.9 in 3 cases of hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Among the 5 affected twins, 2 had severe neurodevelopmental delay, 2 had mild neurodevelopmental delay, and 1 was premature and died. Conclusion: The overall prognosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum is good in singleton pregnancies. Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is often observed with other abnormalities, and the development quotient of hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is lower compared with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosum abnormalities may occur in one twin, in whom the risk may be increased.

scholarly journals Bone marrow abnormalities detected by magnetic resonance imaging as initial sign of hematologic malignancies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Sofie Grønningsæter ◽  
Aymen Bushra Ahmed ◽  
Nils Vetti ◽  
Silje Johansen ◽  
Øystein Bruserud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Initial Sign ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The increasing use of radiological examination, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), will probably increase the risk of unintended discovery of bone marrow abnormalities in patients where a hematologic disease would not be expected. In this paper we present four patients with different hematologic malignancies of nonplasma cell types. In all patients the MRI bone marrow abnormalities represent an initial presentation of the disease. These case reports illustrate the importance of a careful diagnostic follow-up without delay of patients with MRI bone marrow abnormalities, because such abnormalities can represent the first sign of both acute promyelocytic leukemia as well as other variants of acute leukemia.

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