THE PREVALENCE OF DICROCOELIIDAE (DIGENEA) LARVAL STAGES IN THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE HOST HELIX LUCORUM, 1758 IN ESKISEHIR AND BARTIN PROVINCES OF TURKEY

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

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The structure of the adult and larval stages of Plagiorchis (Multiglandularis) megalorchis n.nom. from the turkey and an experimental demonstration of the life history

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200008433x ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 42 (1-2) ◽

pp. 92-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gwendolen Rees

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Experimental Demonstration ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Turkey Poults ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Second Intermediate Host ◽

Culicoides Nubeculosus ◽

First Intermediate Host

1. Large numbers of Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis n.nom. were found in the intestine of four turkey poults of a total of thirteen which had died on a farm in Radnorshire. Presumably the presence of the parasites was the cause of death.2. The anatomy of the adult worm is described.3. The first intermediate host of the parasite is Lymnaea pereger, and the second intermediate host any of the following species of insect larvae: Chironomus riparius Meigen, Culicoides stigma Meigen, Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen and Anatopynia (Psectrotanypus) varius Fabr.4. The larval stages of the worm are described.5. The life cycle has been demonstrated experimentally by the feeding of insect larvae containing encysted cercariae to turkey poults.6. The turkey is probably not the normal host of Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis. It is most likely that it occurs naturally in some species of wild bird, but this is not yet known.

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The Development of the Larval Stages of Plagiorchis muris Tanabe, 1922, in the First Intermediate Host

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3272942 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William W. Cort ◽

Louis Olivier

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Larval Stages ◽

First Intermediate Host

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First molecular identification of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in its first intermediate host the mud snail Heleobia australis

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2015-0112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pilar Alda ◽

Nicolás Bonel ◽

Carlos J. Panei ◽

Néstor J. Cazzaniga ◽

Sergio R. Martorelli

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Bahía Blanca Estuary ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Mud Snail ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Second Intermediate Host ◽

Species Specific ◽

Dna Primers ◽

First Intermediate Host ◽

Blanca Estuary

AbstractThis is the first study that used species-specific DNA primers to confirm the presence of the heterophyid Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa Ransom, 1920 in its first intermediate host. The larval stages (rediae and cercariae) of this parasite were morphologically and genetically identified in the gonad of the intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (d’Orbigny, 1835) (Cochliopidae) in the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. In addition, we asked whether the prevalence in H. australis varied between seasons. Mullets - the second intermediate host of this heterophyid - migrate in estuaries during the warmer seasons and it is expected that piscivorous birds and mammals - the definitive hosts - prey more intensively on this species at those times. Thus, the number of parasite eggs released into the tidal flat within their feces should be higher, thereby increasing the ingestion of the parasite by H. australis.We therefore expected a higher prevalence of A. (P.) longa in H. australis in the Bahía Blanca estuary during spring and summer than autumn and winter. We found that 16 out of 2,744 specimens of H. australis had been infected with A. (P.) longa (total prevalence of 0.58%). Nonetheless, the prevalence showed no significant variation between seasons. Hence, we discuss an alternative scenario where the lack of seasonal changes might be mostly related to the permanent residence of definitive hosts in the estuary and not to the seasonal recruitment of mullets. Finally, we highlight the need for more experimental and comparative approaches in order to understand the diagnosis and geographical distribution of this worldwide heterophyid.

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Prosorhynchoides borealis Bartoli, Gibson & Bray, 2006 (Digenea: Bucephalidae) cercariae from Abra prismatica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in Icelandic waters

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x11000782 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 34-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Eydal ◽

M.A. Freeman ◽

Á. Kristmundsson ◽

S.H. Bambir ◽

P.M. Jónsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Digestive Gland ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Sequencing Studies ◽

First Intermediate Host ◽

Icelandic Waters

AbstractThis paper reports the adult stage of Prosorhynchoides borealis (Digenea) from Lophius piscatorius in Icelandic waters and infections with the larval stages (sporocysts and cercariae) found for the first time in the bivalve Abra prismatica (Semelidae). The previously known first intermediate host was Abraalba (Semelidae). Ribosomal DNA sequencing studies on all three life stages of the parasite (cercariae, metacercariae, adults) were performed to confirm their identites. Morphometric measurements confirmed that the adult worms belong to the newly described species P. borealis. Prosorhynchoides borealis sporocysts filled with cercariae were found in 16% of A. prismatica bivalves sampled at depths between 34 and 93 m off South Iceland. Prevalence ranged from 0 to 44% between different localities. The parasite was found only in the larger bivalves. Extensive sporocyst infection in the haemocoel of the foot caused mechanical muscle damage with subsequent degeneration and necrosis. Other tissues, including the digestive gland, nephridia, gills and intestine, were less heavily infected. Only focal necrosis was observed in the digestive gland, nephridia and gills, and local atrophy in the intestine. Cercariae were also observed in the lumen of both the stomach and intestine. This is the first report of A. prismatica as an alternative first intermediate host for P. borealis. Ribosomal DNA sequence data reveals 100% homology in the data between cercariae, metacercariae and adult digeneans, supporting the morphological data suggesting that all stages belong to the same species.

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THE MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND LIFE HISTORY OF METORCHIS CONJUNCTUS (COBBOLD, 1860)

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr44d-002 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 22d (1) ◽

pp. 6-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas W. M. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Intermediate Host ◽

Larval Stages ◽

History Of ◽

Second Intermediate Host ◽

The Common ◽

First Intermediate Host

A trematode, widely distributed in Canada, and occurring in man and other fish-eating mammals, is described and its taxonomy discussed. Its life cycle has been worked out and it is shown to involve a snail, Amnicola limosa porata as first intermediate host and a fish, the common sucker (Catostomus commersonii) as the second intermediate host. The larval stages are described.

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Molecular and morphological characterization of the cercariae of Lecithodendrium linstowi (Dollfus, 1931), a trematode of bats, and incrimination of the first intermediate snail host, Radix balthica

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182017001640 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

EGIE E. ENABULELE ◽

SCOTT P. LAWTON ◽

ANTHONY J. WALKER ◽

RUTH S. KIRK

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Snail Host ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Radix Balthica ◽

First Intermediate Host

SUMMARYLecithodendrium linstowi is one of the most prevalent and abundant trematodes of bats, but the larval stages and intermediate hosts have not been identified. We present the first molecular and morphological characterization of the cercariae of L. linstowi based on a phylogenetic analysis of partial fragments of LSU and ITS2 rDNA. The first intermediate host was incriminated as Radix balthica by DNA barcoding using cox1 and ITS2 sequences, although the snail morphologically resembled Radix peregra, emphasizing the requirement for molecular identification of lymnaeids as important intermediate hosts of medical and veterinary impact. The application of molecular data in this study has enabled linkage of life cycle stages and accurate incrimination of the first intermediate host.

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Reproduction and caste ratios under stress in trematode colonies with a division of labour

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182012002235 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 140 (7) ◽

pp. 825-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

MELANIE M. LLOYD ◽

ROBERT POULIN

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Reproductive Output ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Environmental Pressures ◽

Caste Ratio ◽

Infection Types ◽

First Intermediate Host

SUMMARYTrematodes form clonal colonies in their first intermediate host. Individuals are, depending on species, rediae or sporocysts (which asexually reproduce) and cercariae (which develop within rediae or sporocysts and infect the next host). Some species use a division of labour within colonies, with 2 distinct redial morphs: small rediae (non-reproducing) and large rediae (individuals which produce cercariae). The theory of optimal caste ratio predicts that the ratio of caste members (small to large rediae) responds to environmental variability. This was tested in Philophthalmus sp. colonies exposed to host starvation and competition with the trematode, Maritrema novaezealandensis. Philophthalmus sp. infected snails, with and without M. novaezealandensis, were subjected to food treatments. Reproductive output, number of rediae, and the ratio of small to large rediae were compared among treatments. Philophthalmus sp. colonies responded to host starvation and competition; reproductive output was higher in well-fed snails of both infection types compared with snails in lower food treatments and well-fed, single infected snails compared with well-fed double infected snails. Furthermore, the caste ratio in Philophthalmus sp. colonies was altered in response to competition. This is the first study showing caste ratio responses to environmental pressures in trematodes with a division of labour.

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In vitro culture of marine trematodes from their snail first intermediate host

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.exppara.2011.07.009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 129 (2) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Melanie M. Lloyd ◽

Robert Poulin

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Intermediate Host ◽

First Intermediate Host

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The Effect of Trematode Parasites on the Growth of Littorina Neritoides (L.)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400014272 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Miriam Rothschild

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Large Size ◽

Size Groups ◽

Second Intermediate Host ◽

Upward Slope ◽

Accelerated Growth ◽

The Difference ◽

First Intermediate Host ◽

Low Rate ◽

Trematode Parasites

If the number of infections with (a) trematode parthenitae and cercariae using Littorina neritoides as first intermediate host only, and (b) encysted metacercariae using L. neritoides as second intermediate host only, are plotted against the size of the snails, two different curves result. The first shows a low rate of infection in the small size groups, but a steep upward slope rising to 91% in the large size groups. The second shows a curve increasing uniformly to 87% infection.Possible interpretations are discussed, and it is concluded that the difference is probably due to the fact that primary infections cause accelerated growth in the host.

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