The 3-dimensional anatomy of the North-Western Marsupial Mole (Notoryctes caurinus Thomas 1920) using computed tomography, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract OBJECTIVE Developmental remnants around the foramen magnum, or proatlas segmentation abnormalities, have been recorded in postmortem studies but very rarely in a clinical setting. Because of their rarity, the pathological anatomy has been misunderstood, and treatment has been fraught with failures. The objectives of this prospective study were to understand the correlative anatomy, pathology, and embryology and to recognize the clinical presentation and gain insights on the treatment and management. METHODS Our craniovertebral junction (CVJ) database started in 1977 and comprises 5200 cases. This prospective study has retrieval capabilities. Neurodiagnostic studies changed with the evolution of imaging. Seventy-two patients were recognized as having symptomatic proatlas segmentation abnormalities. RESULTS Ventral bony masses from the clivus or medial occipital condyle occurred in 66% (44/72), lateral or anterolateral compressive masses in 37% (27 of 72 patients), and dorsal bony compression in 17% (12 of 72 patients). Hindbrain herniation was associated in 33%. The age at presentation was 3 to 23 years. Motor symptoms occurred in 72% (52 of 72 patients); palsies in Cranial Nerves IX, X, and XII in 33% (24 of 72 patients); and vertebrobasilar symptoms in 25% (18 of 72 patients). Trauma precipitated symptoms in 55% (40 of 72 patients). The best definition of the abnormality was demonstrated by 3-dimensional computed tomography combined with magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was aimed at decompression of the pathology and stabilization. CONCLUSION Remnants of the occipital vertebrae around the foramen magnum were recognized in 72 of 5200 CVJ cases (7.2%). Magnetic resonance imaging with 3-dimensional computed tomography of the CVJ provides the best definition and understanding of the lesions. Brainstem myelopathy and lower cranial nerve deficits are common clinical presentations in the first and second decades of life. Treatment is aimed at decompression of the pathology and CVJ stabilization.

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X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF CORONARY VEINS IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED HEART DEFECTS AND CONCOMITANT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine ◽

10.20862/0042-4676-2018-99-1-47-51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

M. A. Shlyappo ◽

V. N. Makarenko ◽

L. A. Bockeria

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Coronary Veins ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Computed

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Imaging technologies to study the composition of live pigs: A review

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016143-8439 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e06R01 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Carabús ◽

Marina Gispert ◽

Maria Font-i-Furnols

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Image Processing ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Visual Image ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

X Ray ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

Image techniques are increasingly being applied to livestock animals. This paper overviews recent advances in image processing analysis for live pigs, including ultrasound, visual image analysis by monitoring, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The methodology for live pigs evaluation, advantages and disadvantages of different devices, the variables and measurements analysed, the predictions obtained using these measurements and their accuracy are discussed in the present paper. Utilities of these technologies for livestock purposes are also reviewed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging yield useful results for the estimation of the amount of fat and lean mass either in live pigs or in carcasses. Ultrasound is not sufficiently accurate when high precision in estimating pig body composition is necessary but can provide useful information in agriculture to classify pigs for breeding purposes or before slaughter. Improvements in factors, such as the speed of scanning, cost and image accuracy and processing, would advance the application of image processing technologies in livestock animals.

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Tracing the Inside of Pigs Non-Invasively: Recent Developments

10.5772/intechopen.101740 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Armin M. Scholz ◽

Goran Kusec ◽

Alva D. Mitchell ◽

Ulrich Baulain

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Noninvasive Techniques ◽

X Ray ◽

Recent Developments

Regional markets require a large variety of pig breeds and pork products. Noninvasive techniques like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computer vision, or, very often, ultrasound helps to provide the information required for breeding, quality control, payment, and processing. Meanwhile, computed tomography is being used as phenotyping tool by leading pig breeding organizations around the world, while ultrasound B- or A-mode techniques belong to the standard tools, especially to measure subcutaneous fat and muscle traits. Magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, however, are still mainly used as research tools to develop and characterize new phenotypic traits, which usually could not be measured without slaughtering the breeding pigs. A further noninvasive method—already used on a commercial basis, not only in abattoirs—is video 2D or 3D imaging. This chapter will review the latest developments for these noninvasive techniques.

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