scholarly journals Eagle syndrome as a rare cause of recurrent transient ischemic stroke in Senegal (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Birame Loum ◽  
Cheikh Ahmedou Lame ◽  
Cheikhna B. Ndiaye ◽  
Kamadore Toure ◽  
Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

<p>Eagle syndrome is a rare condition, often characterized by nonspecific symptoms. It is due to an abnormally long or compressive styloid process on surrounding structures. Exceptionally, it can cause neuro-vascular manifestations. We report an observation of Eagle syndrome discovered incidentally in presence of recurrent transient ischemic stroke. A 74-year-old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, was admitted to our department following 4 episodes of transient ischemic stroke with right hemiplegia and aphasia, always rapidly resolving. Head and neck CT scan showed 2 long styloid processes with a marked impingement of the left one against the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Intraoral styloidectomy was performed. The patient recovered fully and remained free of symptoms without neurological impairment, at 6 months. Eagle syndrome is a rare condition which may lead, exceptionally, to repetitive transient ischemic stroke. Surgical styloidectomy must be considered to reduce the risk of new vascular events and prevent serious complications such as dissection of the internal carotid artery.</p>

scholarly journals Relato de caso: Dissecção Carotídea associada a Síndrome de Eagle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius de Queiroz Aguiar ◽  
Gustavo Sales França ◽  
Bernardo Costa Berriel Abreu ◽  
Talles Henrique Caixeta ◽  
Alexandre Henrique de Azevedo Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Vessel Dissection

Context: Eagle syndrome is characterized by the elongation or disfiguration of the styloid process, which leads to a range of clinical manifestations resulting from the structures that are affected by the prolongation of the bone, and the classic presentation is composed of pain and foreign body sensation in the throat, otalgia, and dysphagia. Case report: We describe the case of a 60-year-old man with an ischemic stroke due to dissection of the left internal carotid artery, associated with compression resulting from Eagle syndrome. At clinical presentation, the patient presented right hemiparesis and severe dysphagia, with NIH=18, characterizing the stroke. An angiotomography of the skull and brain was performed, which showed an image compatible with dissection of the left internal carotid artery from the prolongation of the styloid process, characterizing Eagle syndrome stylocarotid syndrome. The patient was submitted to thrombolysis with rt-PA, presenting a partial response, and surgical bone reduction. Patient evolved with partial recovery, with NIH=10, and, at the time of discharge, presented RANKIN 1, symptoms without disabilities. Conclusion: The Eagle syndrome, while it occurs more frequently in women, in general, with the classic presentation, can evolve with a more severe picture, associated with vessel dissection and brain involvement.

scholarly journals An unusual internal carotid artery compression as a possible cause of Eagle syndrome – A novel hypothesis and an innovative surgical technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Galletta ◽  
Francesca Granata ◽  
Marcello Longo ◽  
Concetta Alafaci ◽  
Francesco S. De Ponte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Background: Eagle syndrome (ES) is a rare symptomatic condition generally caused by an elongated styloid process (SP) or calcification of the stylohyoid complex. On the diagnosis is made, its treatment remains subjective since the indications for surgical intervention are still not standardized. Although styloidectomy is the surgical treatment of choice, no consensus exists regarding the transcervical or/and transoral route. Here, we report our experience in a patient with bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection caused by ES, who underwent innovative surgical technique. Case Description: A 53-year-old man, with the right-sided middle cerebral artery acute stroke, underwent computed tomography angiography 3 days after a successful endovascular treatment. The study showed a bilateral ICA dissection with bilateral hypertrophic SPs and a close relationship of ICAs with both SPs anteriorly and C1 transverse process posteriorly. Considering the occurrence of ICA compression by a styloid/C1 transverse process juxtaposition, the patient underwent the left partial C1 transversectomy by an extraoral approach. A temporary paresis of the ipsilateral lower lip lasted 1 month, with a partial remission after 3 months. The patient reported significant improvement of symptoms with a good esthetics and functional outcome. Conclusion: A styloid/C1 transverse process juxtaposition should be considered as an alternative pathogenetic mechanism in vascular ES. When a posterior ICA compression by C1 transverse process is present, a bone reshaping of C1 rather than a conventional styloidectomy can be considered an efficacious treatment which allows a good preservation of the styloid muscles and ligaments.

Compression of the cervical internal carotid artery by the stylopharyngeus muscle: an anatomical study with potential clinical significance

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Joshua Dixon ◽  
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
The Relationship

Object Occasionally, the internal carotid artery (ICA) may be symptomatically compressed in the neck by an elongated styloid process. The authors are unaware, however, of any study to date in which the aim was to describe the compression of this part of the ICA by surrounding muscles extending from the styloid process. Methods In 20 adult cadavers (40 sides), dissection of the cervical ICA was performed, with special attention given to the relationship between this artery and the stylopharyngeus muscle. In addition, rotation of the head was performed while observing for any compression of the ICA by this muscle. Last, the segment of the ICA immediately adjacent to the stylopharyngeus was excised and evaluated for signs of gross compression. Results Five sides (12.5%) were found to have an ICA that was grossly compressed by the neighboring stylopharyngeus muscle, and this was confirmed on excised ICA specimens. Moreover, such compression was increased with ipsilateral rotation of the head. Effacement of the lumen of the ICA by the stylopharyngeus ranged from approximately 30 to 50%. Such compression was increased by approximately 25% with ipsilateral rotation of the head. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, compression of the cervical ICA by the stylopharyngeus muscle has not been previously described. Such a relationship should be appreciated by the clinician who treats patients with symptoms of ICA stenosis or occlusion as a potential extracranial site of compression. Based on this study, a subset of patients with occlusion of the cervical ICA but without elongation of the styloid process should be included within the definition of Eagle syndrome.

scholarly journals Eagle syndrome: A case report of stylocarotid syndrome with internal carotid artery dissection

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W Smoot ◽  
Ammar Taha ◽  
Nicholas Tarlov ◽  
Blake Riebe
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Eagle syndrome is defined by an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament that impinges on surrounding structures and causes a variety of symptoms. Classically, Eagle syndrome presents as neck, throat, or ear pain. The vascular variant, stylocarotid syndrome, can present as headache, transient ischemic attack, or stroke. Carotid artery dissection is a rare complication of stylocarotid syndrome. We report a case of stylocarotid syndrome in a 60-year-old man who presented with a right internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection and focal neurological deficits. Computed tomography with three-dimensional reformatting was used in the evaluation of his pathology. His dissecting right ICA was stented with subsequent symptom resolution. Improved recognition of the relationship between an elongated styloid or calcified stylohyoid ligament and symptomatology may lead to optimal etiology recognition and directed treatment.

scholarly journals Dynamic assessment of internal carotid artery and elongated styloid process in a case of bilateral carotid artery dissection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Horio ◽  
Kenji Fukuda ◽  
Koichi Miki ◽  
Noriko Hirao ◽  
Mitsutoshi Iwaasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Background: Vascular Eagle syndrome is that an elongated styloid process causes ischemic stroke due to internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection. Dynamic assessment using radiological imaging has not been well investigated. We assessed the change in the relative positional relationship between the elongated styloid process and the ICA using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Case Description: A 46-year-old female presenting with disturbance of consciousness, right hemiparesis, and aphasia was admitted to our hospital. Initial CT analysis showed a bilateral elongated styloid process. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed occlusion of the left ICA and a near occlusion of the right ICA. MRA also revealed the intimal flap and intramural hematoma in the bilateral ICA. Digital subtraction angiography showed bilateral ICA occlusion and carotid artery stenting was performed subsequently. After that, we visualized the movement of carotid stent with CBCT fusion methods. The stent moved forward and backward at the attachment point of the styloid process during head rotation, and there was a possibility that mechanical stress was emphasized at this point. Styloidectomy was performed after her rehabilitation. The patient did not experience a recurrence of stroke. Conclusion: We showed that repeated attachment of the styloid process and ICA may trigger an ICA dissection during head rotation. This finding would be helpful for understanding the causes of vascular Eagle syndrome.

Free-Floating Thrombus in the Distal Internal Carotid Artery Causing a Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Papadoulas ◽  
Konstantinos Moulakakis ◽  
Natasa Kouri ◽  
Petros Zampakis ◽  
Stavros K. Kakkos
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Residual Stenosis ◽  
Floating Thrombus ◽  
Distal Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Bulb

AbstractWe present a patient suffering from a stroke with a free-floating thrombus extending up to the distal internal carotid artery. The thrombus was totally resolved after a 2-week anticoagulation regimen without leaving behind any severe residual stenosis in the carotid bulb. The optimal treatment of this rare condition remains uncertain. We report some important treatment strategies that have been used in the literature, emphasizing the anticoagulation as the mainstay of therapy. Immediate surgical and interventional manipulations carry the risk of thrombus dislodgement and embolization and should be considered if there are recurrent symptoms despite medical management.

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