Special high-level meeting of the Council with the Bretton Woods institutions, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Author(s):  
2021 ◽  
pp. 193-224
Author(s):  
Peter Martin

Xi Jinping’s foreign policy took the assertive turn that had begun under his predecessor and made it more confident, consistent, and ambitious. From the United Nations to the World Trade Organization, Beijing’s diplomats promoted their vision for global order: a world safe for autocratic rule, preferably bankrolled by China. The change of approach led to a global pushback against China, which led many in the country to feel that Xi had overreached and was now raising the costs of China’s continued rise. As Chinese diplomats played catch-up with Xi’s ambitious agenda, they found themselves hobbled by the same limitations and shortcomings that their predecessors had faced for generations. Diplomatic reforms reinforced the demand for military discipline in the country’s diplomatic corps as its international influence expands.


Author(s):  
Luis Cabrera

While there have been numerous recent analyses of the legitimacy of suprastate governance institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) or United Nations Security Council, few accounts have considered individual duties in relation to those institutions, broadly analogous to suprastate political obligation. Identified in this chapter are three categories of duties that should be salient to a range of institutions. These include duties to support their reform, to resist specific institutional features or practices, and to reject the continued operation of some institutions and support the creation of alternate ones. These duties would correspond roughly to how well an institution would appear to fit into a global institutional scheme that actually would fulfill cosmopolitan aims for rights promotion and protections and related global moral goods. An implication is that the current global system itself is a candidate for rejection, given its inherent tendencies toward the gross underfulfillment of individual rights.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 646-667
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sangoi Copetti ◽  
Daniel Arruda Coronel

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras no mercado mundial do café, entre 2000 a 2018, em comparação ao terceiro produtor e exportador mundial, a Colômbia. Os dados foram coletados no site do USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), do UN COMTRADE (United Nations Comtrade), da FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) e da WTO (World Trade Organization). A metodologia empregada baseou-se no Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (VCRS), na Razão de Concentração (CR), e no Índice de Orientação Regional (IOR). Os resultados revelaram que tanto o Brasil quanto a Colômbia apresentaram vantagens comparativas para o café. Em relação à CR, o Brasil apresentou concentração e a Colômbia, desconcentração das exportações. O IOR indicou orientação das exportações de café do Brasil à Alemanha, à Itália, e aos Estados Unidos. Já o IOR da Colômbia apresentou orientação das exportações de café aos Estados Unidos, à Alemanha e ao Japão. Palavras-Chave: Café. Competitividade. Exportações. Comércio Internacional.


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