Microstrip band-stop filter based on double negative metamaterial

In this work, we present a novel miniature band stop filter based on double negative metamaterial, this circuit is designed on a low-cost substrate FR-4 of relative permittivity 4.4 and low tangential losses 0.002. The proposed filter has a compact and miniature size of 15 mm in length and 12mm in width without the 50 Ω feed lines. The resonator was studied and analyzed with a view to achieving a band-stop behavior around its resonant frequency. The band-stop characteristics are obtained by implementing the metamaterial resonator on the final structure. The obtained results show that this microstrip filter achieves fractional bandwidth of 40% at 2 GHz. Furthermore, excellent transmission quality and good attenuation are achieved. This filter is an adequate solution for global system for mobile communications (GSM).

Quantification of methane emissions from hotspots and during COVID-19 using a global atmospheric inversion

Concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important greenhouse gas, continue to grow. In recent years this growth rate has increased further (2020: +14.7 ppb), the cause of which remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution (~80 km), short-window (24-hour) 4D-Var global inversion system based on the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and newly available satellite observations. The largest national disagreement found between prior (63.1 Tg yr−1) and posterior (59.8 Tg yr−1) CH4 emissions is from China, mainly attributed to the energy sector. Emissions estimated form our global system agree well with previous basin-wide regional studies and point source specific studies. Emission events (leaks/blowouts) >10 t hr−1 were detected, but without accurate prior uncertainty information, were not well quantified. Our results suggest that global anthropogenic CH4 emissions for 2020 were 5.7 Tg yr−1 (+1.6 %) higher than for 2019, mainly attributed to the energy and agricultural sectors. Regionally, the largest 2020 increases were seen from China (+2.6 Tg yr−1, 4.3 %), with smaller increases from India (+0.8 Tg yr−1, 2.2 %) and Indonesia (+0.3 Tg yr−1, 2.6 %). Results show the rise in emissions, and subsequent atmospheric growth, would have occurred with or without the COVID-19 slowdown. During the onset of the global slowdown (March–April, 2020) energy sector CH4 emissions from China increased; however, during later months (May–June, 2020) emissions decreased below expected pre-slowdown levels. The accumulated impact of the slowdown on CH4 emissions from March–June 2020 is found to be small. Changes in atmospheric chemistry, not investigated here, may have contributed to the observed growth in 2020. Future work aims to develop the global IFS inversion system and to extend the 4D-Var window-length using a hybrid ensemble-variational method.

Towards a Restructured Theorization of Development and Adaptability for the Post-COVID-19 Era

It becomes progressively understood that the health crisis (and the deriving socioeconomic crisis) of COVID-19 drives the global system towards radical transformations. The successful adaptation of the various socioeconomic actors in this emerging reality probably constitutes the most significant challenge ahead. This chapter suggests a restructured theorization of socioeconomic development for the post-COVID-19 era, focused on the prerequisite organizational adaptation. This conceptual research examines fundamental evidence concerning current developments globally, arriving at a repositioning in evolutionary and interdisciplinary terms by adopting the strategy-technology-management synthesis to change management and innovation (Stra.Tech.Man).

Institutional mechanisms for overcoming the contradictions between globalization and localization

Information technology and the formation of the global market have led to such destructive a complication of the environment, which generates global imbalances, the negative effects of conflict, reducing the level of institutionalization of the world economy, narrowing the time horizon of rational choice. This stimulates the search for alternatives to excessive complexity and conflict of development. The way out of this situation is localization based on the reproduction of identities. The desired effect of localization is the institutional provision of a more balanced distribution of resources / benefits of globalization, on the one hand, and the distribution of its risks and uncertainties, on the other. Identity is seen as the extreme level of structure of society, which is responsible for the integrity of social behavior of subjects as elements of the system. The acceptable level of complexity of the global system is achieved in the ways of optimal localization. The basis of such localization is the recognition of the positive meaning of the identity factor, which generates different risk assessments, different time horizons of decision-making and different criteria for effective participation in globalization. The institutional mechanisms for the smart-localization of global development are economic sovereignty, institutional protection of the national producer, and social protection of the population. As a result, the global system has a choice of options to respond to challenges from uncertainty and threats. Globalization as unification and standardization is a more risky path because it limits variability and prevents the use of alternative cost estimation methods.

Capitalism as the Global Social Order: A Critical Perspective

The article studies the concept of the global social order as a subject of social research. The author starts with pointing at the changes in the structure and the character of the today's global social order (acceleration of exchanges and flows, gradual disappearing of a single hegemony, multipolarity) and claims that it is exactly capitalism that becomes a foundation for multipolar but yet unequal constitution of the global order. The article proposes to deal with the global social order as an example of a global subject – alternative to world system or global system – which can be placed in focus of social research. Also, the paper offers a definition to the notions of social order and global social order. Then the author provides several possible classification of the approaches to the study of the global social order, and then moves on to pointing out their mutual positions. The paper considers capitalism as a special form of global social order and suggests to analyze imperialism and neocolonialism as, on the one hand, the products of this order, and on the other hand, as instruments for its legitimation and hegemony. In the further research the suggested model can be used, first, for the improvements in the study of sociology's global subject, and, second, for deepening the knowledge about the process of (re)production of global social order.

A global system for mobile communications-based electrical power consumption for a non-contact smart billing system

<span>This paper proposes a cheap solution to be a starting point for building smart electrical power billing systems. Electrical power has many challenges issues in Iraq, one of these challenges and the most important is the Billing system. The smart power meter uses an Arduino Uno as the core for controlling the sensed data and transmits it to the electrical power unit for billing services. The system is constructed with two parts: the transmitting unit measures the current, voltage, power and power factor through the compact new sensor PZEM-004T. The data sensed and processed by the microcontroller which displayed the KWh on (2*16 LCD) display. This data also transmitted to the electrical power company unit via the global system for mobile communications (GSM) module (SIM900A) which is a dual band GSM/GPRS-</span><span>general packet radio service</span><span> modem. The receiving part is mainly dedicated for collecting the required consumed power data via the same (SIM900A) module and also can display it using (2*16 LCD) display. For the sake of saving these data, the receiver part uses SD ram for such purposes. With such proposed system the electrical power company can control and collect their fees monthly without loss and with minimum cost.</span>

GSM Based Smart Energy Meter System

This project aims to develop a smart energy meter which has many advantages like monitoring and controlling the energy meter at anywhere and at any place. Our project also called as pay first and then use it because here the user first has to pay the bill after that only they can consume the electricity. We know that each user has different kind of load demands and based on it we can recharge in number of units (KWh). The energy we are consuming and based on those pulses from the energy meter, microcontroller decrements the number of units and displays on LCD the remaining units we can use. The load gets disconnected when the units become zero and it is reconnected when the user recharges it. Our project will be very useful for the electricity board and also the user because this project gives the live update about the energy usage of the user through the message. GSM (Global system for mobile communication) will help to send and receive this information to the user. This system helps us to identify the energy losses of the electricity board to a large extent.

CHINA AND NEW SILK ROAD

China crept to the top of the global system based on a thoughtful plan initiated by communist party. The aim is to make China a supreme force competing the United States of America as declared by some Chinese leaders who agreed that at the beginning of 2030 China will be in the first place globally. These statements have pushed the United States to adopt the policy of strategic competing in an attempt to halt China progression. In the middle of this political and economic conflict, global changes become clear on the international stage and clearer on the Middle East stage. The study seeks to shed light on the effect of Silk Road on global domination and rising forces in different continents. In addition, to shed light on significant reflections of the global system especially economic system in the light of technologic and economic competition and the effect of this competing on Arab region and its surroundings. The most important is to show the role of the American- Chinses relations in the global system, stability and its effect on some commercial systems and global trade in general.