Effect of Parasitoid and Host Age on Oviposition and Emergence of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) an endoparasitoid of Helvicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Harrison ◽  
D. A. Herbert ◽  
D. D. Hardee
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Host Instar ◽  
Adult Wasp ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Parasitoid Age

The effect of parasitoid age and two instars of the host Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were investigated for the endoparasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). Third and fourth instars of H. zea were exposed to three different age ranges (3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 12 to 15-d-old) of mated adult female M. croceipes. No significant differences were shown in rate of parasitism regardless of parasitoid age or host instar. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between parental age and adult wasp emergence, sex ratio, and number in pupal stage entering diapause. Six to 8-day-old parasitoids parasitizing third instar hosts yielded the highest percentage of adult emergence (47.5 ± 14%; X̄ ± SD), the highest percentage of females (79%), and the lowest percentage (4.5 ± 6%; X̄ ± SD) entering diapause during the test.

DEVELOPMENT OF HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CAROLINA GERANIUM AND ARTIFICIAL DIET AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Roach ◽  
W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The cotton bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was reared in environmental chambers on artificial diet and a wild host plant, Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum, L. at temperatures from 15.5 to 35°C. All above-ground plant parts were used by the larvae, and fruiting structures were not necessary for development to the pupal stage. Bollworms developed on plant bouquets at a rate very similar to that achieved on artificial diet but pupal weight, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence were lower in pupae produced on plant bouquets. Developmental rate parameters estimated for the combined data closely resemble previously published reports in the literature.

Effects of an Entomopathogenic Nematode and a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus on Emergence of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Cage tests were conducted during the 1993 growing season to determine the effect of incorporating an entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema riobravis) in soil under cotton on subsequent emergence of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (L.). When soil under seedling cotton was treated with 240K nematodes per m2 on 13 May, the number of moths emerging in cages was reduced by an average of 66%, compared to the untreated control, for at least 21 days following application. When a similar rate was applied on soil under mature cotton on 12 July, the number of moths emerging in treated cages after developing as larvae on the plants was 57% less over a 39 d period compared to the untreated control. In another cage study, application of the nematodes on wild geranium, Geranium dissectum L., an early-season host of tobacco budworms and cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), reduced adult emergence by 36% compared to untreated areas, whereas a single application of baculovirus from the celery looper (600 billion polyhedra per ha) reduced the emergence by 56%. In this latter test, adult emergence was further reduced (73% less than control) when a whitening agent was added to the virus application. These studies indicate than an entomopathogenic nematode, and the use of a whitening agent with baculovirus, might be useful in tobacco budworm management programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of indigenous the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in combination with chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Naeem Arshad Maan ◽  
Muhammad Ahsin Ayub ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
Mubasher Ahmad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
High Larval Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background The armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and S. litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are polyphagous pests of many cash crops. Heavy crop losses have been reported for the fruit and vegetable crops each year owing to the diverse impact on global economies. The present study was aimed to sort out a novel method of pest control using the insect’s own nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) alone and in combination with a new chemistry insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Results In the study, the effect of indigenous isolated nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and the chemical insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) formulations against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of S. litura and S. exigua, collected from the different geographical region of Punjab (Pakistan) province, was evaluated. Three concentrations of the NPV isolate, sub-lethal (1 × 104, 6 × 104 POB ml−1), lethal (3 × 105 POB ml−1), and chlorantraniliprole 0.01 μl l−1, were applied alone and in combination against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of both pest species. The lethal concentration of NPV + chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic interaction and caused high larval mortality against both instars, while in all other combinations, additive effect was observed. Moreover, NPV + chlorantraniliprole at lethal concentration exhibited decreased pupation, adult emergence, and egg eclosion. Conclusion The implications of using NPV alone and in combination with an insecticide are discussed briefly in this study.

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